what is the best, easy and reliable way to test the soluble sugar (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch) content and their percentage in plant material?
If you want to extract the total amount of soluble sugars you can go for a simple extraction procedure using ethanol. Then quantify the concentration by anthrone assay. You will find the protocol online.
But if you want to quantify the individual concentration of sucrose or glucose or fructose you have to use a commercial sugar extraction kit to get reliable results.