In South Africa, as a first conceptual/prelim design, I use the M10 Manual's nomographs** to determine the structural capacity of the sub strata. The values are conservative and robust, but needs refinement during detail design phase. During detail design, I revert back to mechanistic-empirical design methods and make use of transfer functions for each specific material type in order to quantify the design life of the pavement structure as a whole. Programs like cncPave are fantastic, but can be manipulated to give favourable results, not necessarily realistic values.
Below is a link to the South African Pavement Engineering Manual - Chapter 10. It's a fantastic document. The relevant section you are looking for is 8.1. This document refers to excellent sources expanding on the concepts.