To analyze the percentage of bainite in austempered steel, use quantitative metallography. First, prepare the sample by polishing and etching (e.g., with 2% Nital). Then, examine it under an optical microscope or SEM. Use image analysis software to distinguish and quantify bainite based on morphology and contrast. For higher accuracy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) or EBSD can identify phases more precisely. Follow ASTM E562 for point counting or ASTM E1245 for image analysis. Ensure calibration and proper sampling to improve reliability. Multiple fields should be analyzed to obtain an average bainite percentage across the microstructure.

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