How submerged arc welding affects the electrical as well as thermal behavior of ceramic powders like Sio2, TiO2, Al2O3, CaF2 etc. which are used as welding fluxes.
on increasing temp (during welding) solid or ionic defect will be occurred by which behavior of ceramic powder w r t conductivity increases. Thus we know the concept of semiconductor, these flux are semiconductor so on increasing temp, conductivity increases also.