Textural nature of soil is an important controlling factor of river bank erosion.
Soil texture as well as slope of the bank side, play a very important role in bank erosion, certainly fine texture soil lead to more erosion once it get saturated in the form of suspension mode. but in other soils it leads in the form of rolling / movement form.
Another factor for banks erosion is angle of repose of soil , if bank soils are at the angle of repose and side is not at the cutting face side then their will be no erosion. otherwise bank sides have slope more than angle of repose then soil erosion will be their .
Riverbank failure occurs by multiple factors, Erosion is one of the key factors in environmental management and river restoration. Different mechanisms influence riverbank stability and mass failure, such as seepage erosion. River bank failure can be caused when the gravitational forces acting on a bank exceed the forces which hold the sediment together. Failure depends on sediment type. failure is dependent on the location and the rate at which erosion is occurring.
1. Hydraulically induced failure
2. Geotechnical failure (Shallow failure, Pop out failure, Cantilever failures)
3. Tectonic failure
The pullout of river banks is the result of a blending of subaerial, diffusive, and fluvial erosion processes integrated with mass failure mechanisms. Soil particle size and, in particular, the silt -clay content of the soil have been documented in many previous studies to influence fluvial erosion and mass failures. Hence the textural nature of the river bank influences the structure of the river bank.
Subaerial ‘weakening and weathering’ of the soil can happen in several ways, all of which are associated with different soil moisture state within the material and the physical state of this moisture which is described in more detail in the following references:
Thorne, C.R., 1990. Effects of vegetation on river bank erosion and stability. In: Thornes, J.B. (Ed.), Vegetation and Erosion. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 125 – 144.
Thorne, C.R., 1992. Bend scour and bank erosion on the meandering Red River, Louisiana. In: Carling, M.A., Petts, G.E. (Eds.), Lowland Floodplain Rivers: Geomorphological Perspectives. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 95 – 116.
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Ankur
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