The concept of formas specialis were discussed long ago in several Books type ( Arnoldi Senguerdii Idea metaphysicæ generalis et specialis..), as taxonomic grouping allowed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, that is applied to a parasite (most frequently a fungus) which is adapted to a specific host (there being minimal or no morphological differences); this classification may be applied by authors who do not feel that a subspecies or variety name is appropriate. formas specialis defined by physiological characteristics, especially as they affect pathogenicity. The abbreviation is used in binomial names, between the species name and a special qualifier
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6. Chapter I. Article 4.4. Note 4.