The application of nanofertilizers increases efficiency of the elements, minimizes their toxicity in the soil, and reduces the frequency of application. The nanofertilizer application leads to a gradual and controlled release of nutrients in the soil, and prevents eutrophication and pollution of water resources. Nanofertilizers are substances that release nutrients as plants need them. Nanoscience has found utilization in controlling the release of nitrogen, characterization of soil minerals soil development, nature of soil and nutrient ion transport in soil-plant system. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement. Nanofertilizers reduce nitrogen loss as leaching, emissions and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms by slow and controlled release of fertilizers hence, soil become more porous by decreasing toxic effects related with fertilizers over use.

Nanofertilizers are substances that release nutrients as plants need them. Nanoscience has found utilization in controlling the release of nitrogen, characterization of soil minerals soil development, nature of soil and nutrient ion transport in soil-plant system. Nanofertilizers reduce nitrogen loss as leaching, emissions and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms by slow and controlled release of fertilizers hence, soil become more porous by decreasing toxic effects related with fertilizers over use. Nanofertilizers can be produced from organic or inorganic compounds. The development of inorganic nanostructures uses mainly metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and silver oxide (AgO). As for nanomaterials obtained from organic compounds, polymers, carbon, and others are used. The nanofertilizers allow a slow and sustained release of nutrients that not only supports plant growth but also conserve the diversity of the beneficial microbiome. Such attributes may help the phytomicrobiome to efficiently mitigate both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The application of nanofertilizers increases efficiency of the elements, minimizes their toxicity in the soil, and reduces the frequency of application. The nanofertilizer application leads to a gradual and controlled release of nutrients in the soil, and prevents eutrophication and pollution of water resources. Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers reduce nitrogen loss as leaching, emissions and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms by slow and controlled release of fertilizers hence, soil become more porous by decreasing toxic effects related with fertilizers over use. Nanotechnology-based agriculturally important nano fertilizers increase agronomic productivity, efficiency, and reduce environmental stress. Efficient utilization of nanotechnology in agriculture for future sustainability. Nanotechnology and materials are also expected to contribute to the realization of a sustainable society through ensuring water purification reducing CO2 emissions, and promoting material circulation with recycling approaches.

Nanofertilizers are nano-sized particles that contain essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These particles are designed to improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants, reduce fertilizer usage, and minimize nutrient leaching into the environment. Nanofertilizers can be applied through various methods such as foliar spray, seed coating, and soil application. In smart agriculture, nanofertilizers are used in precision farming practices to target specific crop needs, based on real-time data obtained through sensors and other monitoring technologies. This allows for a more efficient use of resources and a reduction in environmental impact. Nanopesticides are nano-sized particles that contain insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides. These particles are designed to improve the efficacy of pest control, reduce the amount of pesticide required, and minimize the negative effects on the environment. Nanopesticides can be applied through similar methods as nanofertilizers. Nanopesticides are used to target specific pests and diseases, based on real-time data obtained through sensors and other monitoring technologies. This allows for a more targeted and effective application of pesticides, reducing the potential harm to non-target organisms and minimizing the environmental impact.

Dear Sudip Ghimire thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Nanoparticles helps in Controlling the Plant Diseases, application of agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, and nutrients is typically by spray or drench application to soil or plants, or through feed or injection systems to animals Notably, nanomaterials enhance the productivity of crops by increasing the efficiency of agricultural inputs to facilitate site-targeted controlled delivery of nutrients, thereby ensuring the minimal use of agri-inputs. A nanofertilizer refers to a product that delivers nutrients to crops in one of three ways. The nutrient can be encapsulated inside nanomaterials such as nanotubes or nanoporous materials, coated with a thin protective polymer film, or delivered as particles or emulsions of nanoscale dimensions. Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Additionally, the composition of nanofertilizers can facilitate the efficient nutrient uptake, soil fertility restoration, ultra-high absorption, increased photosynthesis, increased production, reduced soil toxicity, decreased frequency of application, increased plant health, and reduced environmental pollution. The application of nanofertilizers increases efficiency of the elements, minimizes their toxicity in the soil, and reduces the frequency of application. The nanofertilizer application leads to a gradual and controlled release of nutrients in the soil, and prevents eutrophication and pollution of water resources. The nanofertilizers allow a slow and sustained release of nutrients that not only supports plant growth but also conserve the diversity of the beneficial microbiome. Such attributes may help the phytomicrobiome to efficiently mitigate both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Nano-fertilizers are more soluble, reactive, and they can increase penetration through the cuticle that allows for targeted delivery and controlled release. Crop growth, yield, quality, and nutrient use efficiency are all improved by nano-fertilizers, which reduce abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity. A nanofertilizer refers to a product that delivers nutrients to crops in one of three ways. The nutrient can be encapsulated inside nanomaterials such as nanotubes or nanoporous materials, coated with a thin protective polymer film, or delivered as particles or emulsions of nanoscale dimensions.

Nanofertilizers are one of the most promising engineered materials that are being tested, either for soil or foliar applications. Encouraging results have been obtained using nanofertilizers in different plant species; however, limited information has been reported about its use in grasslands. Nanofertilizers reduce nitrogen loss as leaching, emissions and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms by slow and controlled release of fertilizers hence, soil become more porous by decreasing toxic effects related with fertilizers over use. Nanofertilizers (NFs) are the best alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers. Nutrients use efficiency of NFs is higher than the conventional chemical fertilizers. NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. An application of nanofertilizers increases efficiency of the elements, minimizes their toxicity in the soil, and reduces the frequency of application. The nanofertilizer application leads to a gradual and controlled release of nutrients in the soil, and prevents eutrophication and pollution of water resources.