Nano sized palladium and nickel are in the news for LENR excess/annomolous heat generation. How nano structures are really helping heat generation? Any one is working in this area? May please share your views and thoughts.
LENR based power generation is still in early stages of development. However, certain power generation techniques may use nanotechnology in their processes.
In deuterated systems, it's been shown that release of helium is correlated with excess heat production. As helium does not easily diffuse in metals the presumption has been that it was created in or near the surface. This in turn encouraged researchers to increase the surface area. Nevertheless it's clear that any excess heat effect does nor scale up with the surface area suggesting that this is not the rate limiting step.
Why is control a problem? I could understand if a device were self sustaining, that is to say, power were produced with no input energy. This has been reported. But even then the reaction has never proceeded to melt down.
Well if you supply external energy to heat a device then melting could occur. But this has nothing to do with any need to control the reaction.
from: "QED induced cold fusion in Italy":
...
Instead, absorbed EM energy is conserved by creating QED photons inside the NPs by frequency-up conversion to their TIR resonance. TIR stands for total internal reflection. Since the NPs are submicron, the frequency of the QED photons is typically beyond the UV even up to SXRs. UV stands for ultraviolet and SXRs for soft x-rays.
http://www.prlog.org/11277508-qed-induced-cold-fusion-in-italy.html
1) the main reason in using nanopartciles is that hydrogen (either light or heavy - deuterium) have to enter into the solid material. This happens only by crossing the surface of the metal, whichever method is used (electrochemical, gas phase, ion implantation). Nanoparticles offer a high access surface so that they have the ability to absorb great amounts of hydrogen. It is known that the load ratio have to be very high in order to observe any LENR phenomenon. To my opinion, this is one of the main aspects as regards the use of nanoparticles for LENR.
2) a second reason could be that mentioned by Giorgio Vassalio as regards QED. In fact, the behaviour of the metallic nanoparticles as regards energy spectrum of electrons and of incorporated ions depends strongly on the particle size, especially when these nanoparticles are below 20 nm - quantization effects appear that modify the interaction of the quasiparticles inside the nanograin. Plasmons and other EM effects are just one aspect of the problem and they could manifest also at larger grain size.
3) as regards control: I think there are other parameters to better control reaction rate (when made reproducible). In all the cases up to now the system must be first excited somehow. The control of the excitation parameter(s) and of the thermal management of the system are the crucial factors to avoid any unwanted behaviour - again, true for reproducible systems. Obviously, I am reffering to systems that may present runaway behavior.
DOI: 10.20861/2304-2338-2016-52-002
DOI: 10.20861/2304-2338-2016-55-002
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