How much energy is radiated by the Earth and which layer of ozone gas absorbs rays that come from the Sun to the Earth?
In summary, the Earth radiates about 390 W/m² of energy back into space in the form of longwave radiation. The ozone layer primarily absorbs and attenuates the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting the Earth's surface from excessive UV exposure. The absorption of incoming solar radiation is mainly due to other atmospheric components, such as water vapor and certain gases like carbon dioxide and methane, which are responsible for the greenhouse effect and the trapping of heat.
Yes, in total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface while around 30% is reflected back to space and does not heat the surface. The Earth radiates energy at wavelengths much longer than the Sun because it is colder. The total worldwide average effective dose from natural radiation is approximately 2.4 mSv per year; in Canada, it is 1.8 mSv. In some parts of the world, it is naturally much higher – for instance on the Kerala Coast in India, the annual effective dose is 12.5 mSv. The dose varies with the source of the radiation. Of the ~340 W/m2 of solar radiation received by the Earth, an average of ~77 W/m2 is reflected back to space by clouds and the atmosphere and ~23 W/m2 is reflected by the surface albedo, leaving ~240 W/m2 of solar energy input to the Earth's energy budget.Estimates of the total heat flow from Earth's interior to surface span a range of 43 to 49 terawatts (TW) (a terawatt is 1012 watts). One recent estimate is 47 TW, equivalent to an average heat flux of 91.6 mW/m2, and is based on more than 38,000 measurements.Earth batteries can produce a charge of about 1 to 5 volts, depending on the construction and type of soil used. Recent research shows that earth batteries could work as an alternative or complementary source of energy to wind and solar power. Good ozone is found in the stratosphere, far above the Earth's surface. At that height, it absorbs and scatters ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, particularly the most dangerous UV-B and UV-C forms. Ozone is the planet's natural sunscreen. The ozone layer is a thin part of Earth's atmosphere that absorbs almost all of the sun's harmful ultraviolet light. "Ozone holes" are popular names for areas of damage to the ozone layer. Stratospheric ozone is a naturally-occurring gas that filters the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This is typically regarded as 'good' ozone since it reduces the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation. A diminished ozone layer allows more radiation to reach the Earth's surface. Ozone, a type of oxygen molecule that is relatively abundant in the stratosphere, heats this layer as it absorbs energy from incoming ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone is a strong absorber of lower energy ultraviolet radiation which can kill living organisms. This radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer when it breaks the ozone bonds. An oxygen atom is released, but the atom quickly re-combines with another oxygen molecule to regenerate ozone. But ozone is also found on Venus and Mars, where it is created by non-biological means. On these planets ozone is formed when sunlight breaks up carbon dioxide molecules, releasing oxygen atoms, which can sometimes re-combine into ozone molecules.The ozone layer is a region of high ozone concentration in the stratosphere, 15 to 35 kilometres above Earth's surface. The ozone layer acts as an invisible shield and protects us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet's surface. Most importantly, it absorbs the portion of UV light called UVB. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful effects. Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the Earth. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. It also absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, effectively trapping heat in the troposphere.