I would like to know if there is any study that estimates how many minutes europeans spend to search a free parking lot per trip, for different urban zones.
wise ones do not find parking space, they take a train, or else they know the closest Parking lot where they have to park. But yet Yahooos keep going round and round till they find a parking space next to the shopping mall where they want to shop.
You can also check this: http://www.parking-net.com/parking-news/apcoa/real-cost-of-parking and this: https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/Driving_and_parking_patterns_of_European_car_drivers-a_mobility_survey.pdf
Bifulco G.N. (1993) A stochastic user equilibrium assignment model for the evaluation of parking policies. European Journal of Operational Research 71 (2), 269-287
A searching time cost function is proposed. It considers the congestion level and the number of free parking lots Vs the parking capacity.