where IRS is intelligent reflective surfaces, ISI is inter symbol interference which is a main cause that can reduce efficiency of the system due to multi
So for example, look at slide 5. If, in digital radio, you have a dominant RF path and one loud reflected path too, bouncing off a nearby obstacle, the IRS might be used to turn the reflected path into something to help reception.
Many possibilities exist, as the presentation shows. For normal radio, the idea should be to bring the multiple RF paths into alignment at the receiver, so that they never exceed the receiver's multipath reception tolerance. Ideally, the converging RF paths would enhance reception, if they can be combined constructively.
The increase in a delay spread caused by an IRS is rather small, so ISI isn't really the problem. However, when an IRS is tuning the propagation environment for one communication link, it can accidentally cause interference to other communication links (in the same or different bands).