http://fromto.hig.se/~bjg/b306.pdf

read this paper "Topological analysis of urban street networks"

If you're going to work with ArcGIS you will need the Network Analyst extension/tool. Here is the manual/tutorial. You may find more when you have some specific needs.

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/pdf/network-analyst-tutorial.pdf

For that purpose, you can try with QGIS open source GIS with AequlibriaE tool. You can download this from the plugins when downloaded QGIS. This plugin was a be experimental, and you can change it with knowledge of Python code. In this tool, you can find network calculation like shortest path, Impedance Matrix, Network preparation, etc.

Dear Ahmed Younes:

Roads network expands/shrinks, changes the access/connection/organization of physical geographical space and ths, impact drastically costs and social representations of access. These and many other distortions -and depending on the objectives of your research-, can be observed with the topological algebra.  

I would suggests you try before algebraic analysis, a linear geometrical analysis, just to observe what happen with terrain, with a segment of few km. You have all te data needed: observing altitude (above the sea), pending by segments and areas, angles, curves, and all the information about infrastructure, flows and operation rules that you already have as traffic, transit, velocities, the design expenditure, costs, etc. So try now the analysis of spacial shapes and about the velocit of change happening onthem, intend prediction, draw a characteristic model (perhaps a gravitatory model based on the Christaller one, but now about multiple gravitations).

I think this applications you are searchibng are important. Best. Margarita