Blood or proteins can be produced from fish rest raw material. . The flesh is removed by mechanical separation where the raw material is pressed through perforations that are small enough to retain the bones without reducing the size of the flesh particles so much that the fibrous structure is destroyed (Taylor & Himonides, 2007). The market for mince is rather small, but solving the quality problems could increase the market possibilities. Fish mince can be used in many different products both in natural and altered form (Kim & Park, 2007). In the SuspenTec® process, fish trimmings are reduced to micron‐sized particles at low temperatures (−4 to 6 °C) and incorporated into brines for injection into fish fillets (Thorkelsson et al., 2008).

Both skin and bones can be used for the production of gelatin and collagen. Gelatin is derived from collagen, which is the principal constituent of connective tissues and bones, by partial hydrolysis. Gelatin is mainly produced from sources such as bovine and porcine skins as well as bovine bones. Fish gelatin has been produced from fish skin since the 1960s, but the production of fish gelatin is still very small, accounting for about 1% of the world gelatin production (Gómez‐Guillén et al., 2009; Karim & Bhat, 2009).

Segregation and identification of components ( rich in proteins, rich in fat, rich in minerals) could be a good way to improve their use.

Biofertilizers from raw material have low cost process in controlled autolysis.

Reduce particule size for bones and fins and identification of microorganism with high collagenase activity will help in softening process.

Autolysed products can be use as a starter for new material.

Blood or proteins can be produced from fish rest raw material. . The flesh is removed by mechanical separation where the raw material is pressed through perforations that are small enough to retain the bones without reducing the size of the flesh particles so much that the fibrous structure is destroyed (Taylor & Himonides, 2007). The market for mince is rather small, but solving the quality problems could increase the market possibilities. Fish mince can be used in many different products both in natural and altered form (Kim & Park, 2007). In the SuspenTec® process, fish trimmings are reduced to micron‐sized particles at low temperatures (−4 to 6 °C) and incorporated into brines for injection into fish fillets (Thorkelsson et al., 2008).

Both skin and bones can be used for the production of gelatin and collagen. Gelatin is derived from collagen, which is the principal constituent of connective tissues and bones, by partial hydrolysis. Gelatin is mainly produced from sources such as bovine and porcine skins as well as bovine bones. Fish gelatin has been produced from fish skin since the 1960s, but the production of fish gelatin is still very small, accounting for about 1% of the world gelatin production (Gómez‐Guillén et al., 2009; Karim & Bhat, 2009).

Dear Syed,

There are several by-products available commercially. Chitin, Chitosan, fish oil etc.,

Nowadays, large scale fish industry produces enumerable amount of by-products from their waste as a valued one.

In the field of medicine, aforementioned products mostly used as healing property i.e., they are the main constituent in the topical creams. Because, they are rich in Epidermal Growth Factor Cells.

In Pharma field - Antimicrobial agents

In food Industry - Applied as a shelf life increment agent.

Best regards Dr. M. Saiyad Musthafa Assistant Professor, Research Supervisor & PI (DST-SERB, Govt. of India) Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity P.G. & Research Department of Zoology The New College Chennai -600 014. India. Contact No. 9965124488 (Whats app)

Dear Arif,

For now, people can employ lots of options to utilize seafood waste. Fish meal, silage, and oil are being used traditionally and these techniques are very convenient and less technology-intensive. Bioactive compounds from seafood waste are hotcakes at present days. You can find a handful of articles published on using seafood-based value-added. You can see an article last month

Article Extraction of astaxanthin using ultrasound-assisted natural ...

Best regards

Jakiul

In addition to all the above excellent answers, fish waste can also be fermented to produce hydrolysates for the production of fish sauces. the products can also be frozen and offered to the pet food (dogs, cats, fish) in raw format or added to processed diets For farm animals(chickens, pigs, etc.)

Fishery by-products are commercially utilized in laboratory as well as in sea shore. Fish meal production is in sea shore. application of salt and dried in Sun is the method to prepare future fish meal and ice plant helps to get other by-products in laboratory. good transportation helps to produce 7 seas cod-liver oil from Sardine and sharks. Icing glass from swim bladder and bone meal as fertilizer.

Moreover, fishery by products could be converted and sold as organic soil, some for feeding it to pigs. It could also be utilized into a dry, high quality fishmeal and fish oils could be converted into a liquid or dry fish fertilizer for farmers and aquatic plant crops.

Fish waste generally used for making compost and utilised as organic manure. Many products from fish, prawn, molluscs are used as industrial application.

I think one useful way is drying and grinding them, this way has worked in many places and the products can be sell as poultry or cattle feed.

I conduct research in the field of application of the fishing industry waste for the production of the palatability of feed additives for fish.