Here is a link from today's FT that might answer your question

https://www.ft.com/content/da1c7642-3d88-40f5-a4c2-682455194b21

Dr Kevin F Forbes thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The whole atmospheric circulation on earth depends upon the amount of solar radiation. The solar radiation heats the earth's surface and facilitates the phenomenon of evaporation. Some of this incoming radiation is reflected off clouds, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, and some passes through to the Earth's surface. Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm. Atmospheric circulation generates global wind patterns and brings us our local winds and weather. The more solar radiation is absorbed and heat is re-radiated, the more the temperature of the atmosphere goes up. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives atmospheric circulation. Places that get more solar energy have more heat. Places that get less solar energy have less heat. Warm air rise, and cool air sinks. The Earth radiates energy at wavelengths much longer than the Sun because it is colder. Part of this longwise radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases which then radiate energy into all directions, including downwards and thereby trapping heat in the atmosphere. Solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Solar energy that is reflected back to space does not warm the earth. Certain gases in the atmosphere absorb energy, slowing or preventing the loss of heat to space. Those gases are known as “greenhouse gases.” They act like a blanket, making the earth warmer than it would otherwise be. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and warms the Earth's surface. Some of this solar radiation is reflected by the Earth and the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), absorb heat and further warm the surface of the Earth. Solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it.

Solar radiation is the primary source of energy for the Earth's atmosphere. It affects atmospheric circulation in two main ways:

Solar radiation is also responsible for the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the process by which gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases absorb infrared radiation, which is a type of heat radiation that is emitted by the Earth's surface. The absorbed infrared radiation is then re-radiated back to the Earth, warming the planet.

The amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by greenhouse gases depends on the concentration of the gases in the atmosphere. The higher the concentration of greenhouse gases, the more solar radiation is absorbed, and the warmer the planet becomes.

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that helps to keep the Earth's temperature warm enough for life. However, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is causing the planet to warm at an alarming rate. This is leading to a number of changes to the Earth's climate, including rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and melting glaciers.

In conclusion, solar radiation is a vitally important factor in atmospheric circulation and the greenhouse effect. By understanding how solar radiation affects the atmosphere, we can better understand the causes of climate change and develop strategies to mitigate its effects.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Most heat is transferred in the atmosphere by radiation and convection. Sunlight absorbed by Earth's surfaces is re-radiated as heat, warming the atmosphere from the bottom up. This heat is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in the greenhouse effect. There are 5 major factors affecting global air circulation: uneven heating of earth's surface, seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation, rotating of earth on its axis, properties of air and water and long term variation in the amount of solar energy striking the earth. The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. Solar radiation is the energy emitted by the Sun through electromagnetic waves and life on Earth depends on it. In addition to determining atmospheric and climatologically dynamics and trends, it makes plant photosynthesis possible, among other processes. Solar radiation is radiant (electromagnetic) energy from the sun. It is important because it provides light and heat for the Earth and energy for photosynthesis. This radiant energy is necessary for the metabolism of the environment and its inhabitants. The rate of change in air pressure over distance is the pressure gradient. Pressure gradient forces act from high pressure to low pressure, causing wind movement. The only driver of atmospheric circulation is sunlight. Under the constraints of gravity, Archimedes' thrust and Coriolis' force due to the Earth's rotation, temperature differences between the equator and the poles cause air to circulate all around the Earth. Global atmospheric circulation creates winds across the planet and leads to areas of high rainfall, like the tropical rainforests, and areas of dry air, like deserts. Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm. The heat generated by this absorption is emitted as long wave infrared radiation, some of which radiates out into space.Solar radiation which travels to the Earth through space is absorbed, scattered or and re-emitted back to the Earth by atmospheric greenhouse gases. The relationship between greenhouse gases and solar radiation and solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Earth's greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet. The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor. Solar radiation is the energy emitted by the Sun through electromagnetic waves and life on Earth depends on it. In addition to determining atmospheric and climatologically dynamics and trends, it makes plant photosynthesis possible, among other processes. Human Activity Is the Cause of Increased Greenhouse Gas Concentrations. Over the last century, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This increase happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. The combination of oceanic and atmospheric circulation drives global climate by redistributing heat and moisture. Areas located near the tropics remain warm and relatively wet throughout the year. In temperate regions, variation in solar input drives seasonal changes.