In the humanities it is possible without a PhD. I know a researcher at a literary museum in Estonia, and I think in a number of Eastern European countries native speakers of the national language have research positions with less than a PhD or equivalent. However, as Michael Uebel has indirectly suggested, it's not something to be counted on. In the sciences one could be part of a research team in the capacity of a technical assistant and take part in some research activities that are not of one's own design or initiative. But really, if your ultimate goal is to do your own research independently, i.e. not in a directed or subordinate role, you'll need a PhD. The first step for you would be a 4yr undergraduate degree (preferably honors). Assuming you want the fastest and most direct route to your goal because of your age, I then suggest to try for a direct-entry PhD program that lets you bypass the master's and finish in 3 years; however, a longer time spent in a program could provide more opportunities for valuable research experience even though in a subordinate role; so it's a tradeoff.

You need to build up published research in the field you mentioned. I suggest making your published articles in line to each other. It would result in evolving your research career. This would help you when you start your degree journey as you'll need to prove that you have the potential. Good luck!

Thank you for all your answers. This is very good information. Thank you so much. Michael Uebel Karl Pfeifer Muthana Makki Mohammedali