There had been use of deep learning in astronomy and cosmology from last few years. You may have a look at Article Cosmological model discrimination with Deep Learning

Thanks Profs. @Paul @Roy

Thank you so much for your answers to this thread Dear Profs. Niladri Paul & Ajit kumar Roy

Dear thread participants, I provide a external link about data-driven astronomy.

Quoting [1] "...Data-Driven Astronomy (DDA) is the production of astronomical knowledge based on archival data sets. DDA is similar to industrial data science in that the data sets are not taken with the experiment in mind, but rather are a byproduct of other processes or investigations..."

[1] https://www.stsci.edu/contents/newsletters/2018-volume-35-issue-01/data-science-in-astronomy-three-ways

Dear thread participants. I hope you are in good health.

Data science in astronomy is a data science trend. Please look at the following external post:

https://medium.com/trends-in-data-science/data-science-in-astronomy-f0e9b499273

This is an interesting blog, related t this thread, that I would like to share with all:

The use and abuse of machine learning in astronomy by Miles Cranmer.

https://astroautomata.com/blog/ml-overuse-astrophysics/