Hello Shonam,
the answer may differ according to your objectives. are you looking for the effects of climate change on water quality or quantitative aspects? in general the disturbed hydrological cycle due to a number of climate governing attributes including air pollutants is one of the main reason for the effects of climate change on ground as well as surface water. for literatures you can e-mail me at [email protected]
It depends on nature of climate change. If it is going to be dry, in the first place it will not be replenished and will be depleted if drafting is not banned. Secondly, depletion will increase salinity of water and concentration of many other pollutants may increase. If perennial river (s) passes from the area, if it was an Influent, it will turn effluent, and flow will be from riverbed and banks to aquifers.
To answer this question is important first to identify which climate variables are influencing groundwater. This will depends of the region where you are analyzing. Mostly, rainfall and ETo are the climatic variables that more influence the groundwater system. Therefore, it is important first to identify the main trends for these variables.
Increase or decrease of rainfall, influence the groundwater recharge. However, the intensities, duration and frequency of the different events needs to be analyzed. The same applies for ETo, for which temperature, humidity and wind parameters needs to be determined.
The influence of climate change may also have influence not only in the water recharge, but in the water release. For instance, some soils change their characteristics when they are exposed to higher temperatures (i.e. the Andean paramo soils).
An article by Richard G Taylor et. al. in Nature (2012) gives a good idea to understand the climate change and groundwater relation. His article says "climate variability and change influneces groundwater systems both directly through replenishment by recharge and indirectly through changes in groundwater use. these impacts can be modified by human activity such as land-use cange (LUC)". The article can be downloaded from http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n4/full/nclimate1744.html
Hope this may help you !
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