Hello Yvan
The standard capture handling protocol (manual restraint for 5 min) generates a stress response in amphibians. Hormonal challenge using exogenous ACTH injection is also used to generate stress in animals (for assay validation), we have used this technique for measuring GC levels in fecal samples of tigers, koalas, bilbies, and numerous species of frogs. Thermal stress protocol and natural stressors such as predator cues also generate stress response in animals. The duration of the stress protocol depends on the research question, as it may be used to assess both acute and chronic stress.
Well, it is different in domestic animals. For dairy cows, I wait for natural environmental conditions that initiate "Heat" or "Cold" stress. There are human-animal interaction stress that can be a source of stress conditions as well. But for mice (which I am planning to carry out an exp.), I am about to use "Hot pad" using electricity to initiate stress.
I hope I understood your question properly. Thanks anyways for the insight
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