Dr Rana Hamza Shakil thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Decomposing bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms. They help recycle minerals and nutrients to the environment, which can then be used by other organisms. As they decompose dead matter, the decomposers also respire and so release carbon dioxide to the environment, contributing to the carbon cycle. Animals eat plants and other animals, incorporating carbon into their bodies. Carbon is then passed through the food chain. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi feed on dead plants and animals, helping them to decay. These microorganisms respire, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air.The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition. In the environment, waste and dead materials are continually recycled to support various life forms. This is not just limited to organic materials. Both organic and inorganic minerals are continuously exchanged and moved in the ecosystems to support the production of matter. Unlike energy, matter is recycled in ecosystems. Decomposers release nutrients when they break down dead organisms and nutrients are taken up by plants through their roots.Dead producers and consumers and their waste products provide matter and energy to decomposers. Decomposers transform matter back into inorganic forms that can be recycled within the ecosystem. So, the energy that enters an ecosystem as sunlight eventually flows out of the ecosystem in the form of heat. Unlike energy, matter is recycled in ecosystems. Decomposers release nutrients when they break down dead organisms and nutrients are taken up by plants through their roots and nutrients pass to primary consumers when they eat the plants. Most of the energy needed to cycle matter through earth's systems comes from the sun. The cycling of matter because there are only finite amounts of nutrients available on the earth, they must be recycled in order to ensure the continued existence of living organisms.