Hello Ayesha,
There are a great many types/metrics of effect size, but they generally fall into the categories of: (a) difference; (b) relationship. The usual ES that would accompany a t-test is some variant of Cohen's d (but, there are many other competitors).
There's nothing that prevents you from making comparisons among existing groups/populations, with whatever statistical method is suitable given the nature of the scores involved and the specific hypothesis under evaluation.
The concern, of course, is the inability to infer the reason(s) for any inequalities that might be observed.
If you could be more specific about the hypothesis, variable(s) and their quantification and data collection method, I'm sure that someone could offer more focused advice.
Good luck with your work.
Hi David Morse thank you for you answer.
I conducted two different studies in two different countries (one high power distance and one low power distance on Hofstede's scale) on coping mechanisms of abusive supervision. I analyzed the two samples separately and in order which one has stronger effect off the two samples I am looking for a test to explain a bit in the findings for cross-cultural difference.
Hello again Ayesha,
You haven't yet indicated how the target variable of coping mechanisms is quantified? Is this a single score? Multiple scores? Continuous or categorical? If (pseudo) continuous, is it ordinal or interval/ratio? Were scores collected at one point in time or on multiple occasions?
Are scores taken from individuals who were independently chosen? Or, were respondents possibly dependent in some way (for example, using 100 families, and measuring all members of each family)?
Again, please elaborate, so as to help folks to offer sound advice.
Good luck with your work.
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