Integrated approaches like drip irrigation, microbial consortia-based crop residue management (CRM), and sodicity reclamation synergistically enhance soil fertility, crop yield, and sustainability in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). Drip irrigation conserves water and improves nutrient delivery, fostering microbial activity and root health. Microbial CRM accelerates residue decomposition, enriching soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. Sodicity reclamation-using gypsum, organic amendments, and salt-tolerant microbes-restores soil structure and nutrient availability in degraded lands. Together, these interventions build resilient agroecosystems, reduce input dependency, and promote long-term productivity under IGPs’ diverse and stress-prone conditions.