Dear Oluwaseyi Olalere,

I will not answer your question directly but confront you with a general problem.

Consider at least as a possibility that one cannot measure innovation as such. Innovation is constructed as an innovation in a social process produced by a set of heterogeneous actors coming from different backgrounds, economic, political, media etc.. Researchers mostly use proxies like investments in R&D etc. for innovation. They then claim that e.g. investment in R&D relate to innovations. However, when they use these “measures” they need to have a theory to explain why e.g investment in R&D is in what way related to the innovation observed. And the “theory” offered is either not a theory or not plausible. Thus, there is often a great problem of explanation in innovation research frequently not taken seriously enough. Hope that helps.

Arnold

Hi Oluwaseyi,

Here are some links that may be useful:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2d32/c9719359c92a8dd6fcc77edf6199b4097d35.pdf

http://people.brandeis.edu/~cecchett/Polpdf/Polp41.pdf

http://convegni.unicatt.it/meetings_Arnaboldi_Rossignoli.pdf

Have a great day!

--Adrian