You can do XRD analysis and index the XRD patterns. Then using Rietveld refinement, you can get quantitative analysis of the amount of each phase.
In another way, if you sure the composition is Fe, Mg and Si, using EDX analysis in scanning electron microscope, you can get quantitative composition.
The above answer is correct. If you do not have XRD facility, you can identify by wet chemical analysis by acid digestion. In case you know the powder mix but not sure of their ratio and if you do not have either of XRD or chemical analytical means, you can adopt density profiling of the various mixtures of Fe, Mn and Si powder mix, and identify your mixture in question.
Refer this link:http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter6/lesson6
In my point of view as the three powder materials are different in their densities, they are going to give you different grains or particles colors under SEM, usually denser material give you whiter appearance. Do SEM images for three samples and then you can identify them and you can get a broad idea about their volume fractions and /or percentages within the mixture whether manually or by utilizing certain analysis soft where, however you have to get the average of the three samples. Also you can do that under optical microscope which is going to give you different colors for the different powder materials as well but under SEM the contrast and the differences are clearer. But again if you are not sure about the composition of your mixture, neither this way nor the EDS one are viable.Thanks
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