Dear Ismail,

The following publications cover the answer to your question:

1-TROPICS Vol. 22 (1) 1-12 Issued June 1, 2013 (see attached file).

Relationships between soil characteristics and productivity of Acacia mangium

in South Sumatra

Makruf Nurudin1*, Seiichi Ohta1

, Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto2

, Daniel Mendham3

, Agus Wicaksono4

, Joko

Heriyanto4

and Makiko Watanabe5

1

Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

2

Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

3

CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Tasmania 7001 Australia

4

PT. Musi Hutan Persada, Jl. PT. TEL, Tebat Agung, Rambang Dangku, Muara Enim, South Sumatra 31172, Indonesia

5

Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-

0397, Japan

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The variation in the morphological and physico-chemical properties of soils of Acacia mangium plantations were studied in South Sumatra, Indonesia in order to understand how these might affect plantation productivity. Representative

soils consisting of four high productivity sites (HPS) and fi ve low productivity sites (LPS) were selected. The main difference between the two productivity classes was in subsoil morphology. HPS soils had deep pisoplinthic horizons and were classifi ed into Pisoplinthic Acrisols, LPS soils had shallow plinthic horizons and were classified into Acric Plinthosols. Differences in redox environments and water drainage in subsoil were the most likely factor creating the differences in morphology. Lower Feo/Fed values in HPS subsoil indicated that better drainage facilitated the dehydration and crystallization of iron oxides to convert

plinthic into pisoplinthic. Productivity of Acacia plantations was correlated with subsoil characteristics. Subsoil of LPS with lower porosity and higher penetration resistance restricted deep root development, and consequently growth of Acacia, while that of HPS with higher porosity did not. The chemical characteristics of soils were also related to Acacia growth; subsoil of HPS had lower exchangeable Al, Al saturation, and higher soil pH; meanwhile T-C, T-N, T-P, available P and exchangeable cations of HPS and LPS were not signifi cant different. Site classifi cation based on subsoil characteristics, especially water drainage, and subsoil

management to avoid soil compaction will be crucial for site selection and sustainable productivity of Acacia plantations.

Key words: productivity, plinthite, subsoil properties, Plinthosols, Acrisols

2-Impact of Thinning of Acacia Mangium Plantation on Soil Chemical Properties

Jeyanny Vijayanathan1*, Ahmad Zuhaidi Yahya1 (see attached file).

, Adzmi Yaacob2

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine soil organic carbon, nitrogen, available

phosphorus and pH at 3 soil depths under different ages and cycle of Acacia

mangium after thinning of planted forest as well as to determine their variability in

3-Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (see attached file).

(2015) 39: 154-161

© TÜBİTAK

doi:10.3906/tar-1404-20

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different stand

ages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

King Ling LEE, Kian Huat ONG*, Patricia Jie Hung KING, John Keen CHUBO, Dennis Shan An SU

Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

* Correspondence: [email protected]

1. Introduction

The greenhouse effect has become a major challenge in recent years and requires instantaneous action to deal with its negative effects (Smith et al., 2007). The establishment of industrial forest plantation to restore degraded land, which results from unsupervised logging and land clearing for nonsustainable agriculture practices, and the increase of terrestrial C sequestration are some ways to alleviate the greenhouse effect (Smith et al., 2007). Land must be cleared during site preparation in order to establish forest plantations. Mechanical clearing followed by stacking and burning of forest residuals are the preferred management practices in Malaysia, as these activities are simple, fast, and effective for clearing a large

area of land in a short period of time. These practices lead to various levels of soil disturbance (Cavelier et al., 1999; Certini, 2005). These include the reduction of surface organic matter, worsening of soil physical properties such as decrease in porosity and increase in bulk density, loss of nutrients through stand removal, volatilization and ash, soil loss through erosion, and destruction of soil microbial

and other invertebrates that are beneficial to the forest ecosystem. In 1997, the State Government of Sarawak, Malaysia, set a target to plant 1 × 106 ha of forest by 2020. Until now, only 289,900 ha, or 29% of the target, has been achieved,

with 12,000 ha planted in 2011 (http://www.thestar.com. my/story/? file=%2f2012%2f7%2f20%2fsarawak%2f11695

002&sec=sarawak). In order to achieve the initial target for the period 2012–2020, planting activity must be intensified to 78,900 ha year–1. The main species used in the plantation program is Acacia mangium Willd. Even though numerous

studies have examined the growth and biomass production of different tree species in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, including A. mangium, information on these attributes is still very scarce in Sarawak. Furthermore, reports on the performance of tree species planted at an industrial scale are very limited in Sarawak.

Acacia mangium is a fast-growing nitrogen fixer. It is an attractive species for plantation establishment because it grows satisfactorily even in unproductive sites. Average increment in diameter at breast height (d) could reach 3–4 cm year–1 on good sites (Awang and Taylor, 1993). The wood is suitable for many uses such as pulp and paper, particle board, woodchips, sawn timber, veneer, and plywood, as well as firewood (Lemmens et al., 1995). Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia and is located on the island of Borneo. Most plantations in Sarawak were established in the central lowland region, which comprises elevated wave-cut platforms developed over sedimentary rocks. The Red-Yellow Podzolic soils are low in fertility and water-holding capacity. These limitations

Abstract: Land degradation and declining soil fertility challenge the productivity of forest plantations. Changes in soil properties could act as indicators for monitoring forest plantation management and productivity. This study highlights changes in soil properties and stand productivity over time (1, 3, and 5 years) in an Acacia mangium plantation in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil pH, total N concentration, and available P were found to decline significantly with stand age. Significant differences were observed between soil organic C for different stand ages, with the youngest stand showing the highest C. The study showed that the current A. mangium plantation was able to store 74.9, 89.9, and 138.9 t C ha–1 in the 1-, 3-, and 5-year-old stands, respectively, and soil was the main contributor for the total C pools. All soil chemical attributes showed declining trends with stand age. These declines indicated that the present management practices are not sustainable and that management inputs are necessary.

4-http://www.itto.int/files/user/pdf/publications/PD%20306%2004/pd306-04-3%20rev1(I)%20e.pdf

See attached file.

5- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Volume 3, No 3, 2012 (see attached file)

© Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0

Research article ISSN 0976 – 4402

Received on October 2012 Published on November 2012 1079

Assessment of soil physical properties under plantation and deforested sites

in a biodiversity conservation area of north-eastern Bangladesh

Rahman. M.H1

, Bahauddin. M2

, Khan. M.A.S.A1,3

, Islam. M.J4

, Uddin. M.B5

1, 2, 3, 5 - Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and

Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh

3- Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, University Str. 30, 95447

Bayreuth, Germany

4- Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Sher-e-Bangla

Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

[email protected]; [email protected]

doi:10.6088/ijes.2012030133016

ABSTRACT

Some selected physical soil properties viz. moisture content, particle density, organic matter, balk density and porosity between planted and deforested sites has been investigated at surface (0-10 cm) and sub-surface (10-30 cm) soil in a biodiversity conservation area (Tilagarh Eco-Park) of North-eastern Bangladesh. Moisture content at all the soil depths was significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) in planted sites than in deforested site. Forest plantation had a significant effect on soil binding process since a common trend of increment in soil particle density and bulk density were noticed; particle and bulk density of soil decreases if any land is deforested and remained deforested for a longer time. Deforested site contained lower

mean soil organic matter than that of Garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) and Sal (Shorea robusta) plantations. The highest value of organic matter was found at surface soil (0-10 cm depth) in both the Sal (2.24%) and Garjan (1.77%) plantations. The organic matter on both the plantations and deforested site decreased with the increase of soil depth. The mean value of soil porosity was significantly less in deforested site (0.47 gm/cc) than that in Sal (0.48 gm/cc) and Garjan plantation (0.49 gm/cc).

Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Thank you so much Rafik. This will definitely be very helpful.