Most of Indonesian territory is waters; this consequently affects the long coastline (number 2 after Canada) and widely coastal area. Most of the highest biodiversity is in the coastal area and Indonesia has three dominant coastal ecosystem, i.e coral reef, seagrass bed and mangrove. It means that most of coastal people very much depend on these ecosystems' availabilities.

Most of the indigenous peoples in the coastal community have their own role in managing natural resources, including coastal resources, especially those related to their needs, such as fisheries. We known a few of community based management projects, which are run by indigenous people, such Sasi, Awiq-awiq, Panglima Laot, Parrompong, and so on. But most of them only manage how to maintain fisheries, not their habitat/ecosystem.

This is by the lack of education in most of indigenous people. They know that they should guarantee that they could earn or utilize their fisheries not only today but also at the future. But, they have a lack of knowledge about their fisheries resources being linked to their habitat or ecosystem.

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