It is always difficult to assess the economic consequences of climate change, whether to measure the cost of action or inaction. American researchers have calculated the effects for the global economy if we aligned on a 1.5 ° C trajectory by the end of the century. The result: an estimated gain of $ 20 trillion.

In 2006, a report threw a cob in the pond and disconcerted the leaders of the world… Climate change could cost between 5 to 20% of the world's GDP. Very criticized, it becomes a reference and a turning point in the awareness of the weight of climate change on the economy because it emanated from the highly respected Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank, the director of the Budget and public finances to the British Treasury. More than 10 years later, this theoretical weight materializes very concretely by the exponential cost of disasters and extreme climatic events, one of the most visible cost items at this stage. In the space of 20 years, the economic losses linked to global warming have increased by more than 250% according to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. All economies are affected, but the most developed, often more significant. France is, therefore, part of the TOP10 of the countries that have suffered the largest losses in the world. 90% of the world's population would gain if warming was limited to 1.5 ° C by the end of the century, rather than 2 ° C. Better yet, it would generate $ 20 trillion in cumulative economic gains until 2100. Conversely, a rise in temperatures would increase the frequency of extreme weather events and therefore their costs. The bill for 2017 has already broken a record, reaching 400 billion dollars according to the cabinet Carbone 4. We must add that a drop in agricultural yields or a deterioration in the state of health of the population.

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"Most current models of integrated economic and climate assessment assume that economic growth will continue regardless of the effects of climate change." This is incorrect, say three-quarters (78%) of economists surveyed. Most experts agree that climate change will limit the growth of the global economy.Climate change (by 3% by 2090) not only hinders economic growth, most economists say, but can also reduce global income by 25% or more. Such an outcome would be similar to the aftermath of the great depression almost 100 years ago.

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Of course, climate change will affect the world economy, according to a study according to a study on the McKinsey International Institute. It causes food shortages, but it is likely to cause a rise in prices worldwide, assuming the stability of government climate policies. He added that the possibility of a catastrophic hurricane in the western Pacific Ocean will quadruple by 2040. He pointed out that "such an event could lead to months of lost production for the companies directly affected

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

Climate change, consisting in warming up the average atmosphere temperature of the planet Earth, i.e. the ongoing global warming process causes drying of many areas of the tropical and subtropical zone, and therefore fresh water resources are falling. This will probably be one of the most serious consequences and problems of the global warming process that is moving faster and faster. The issue of falling fresh water resources is one of the most serious problems and challenges for humanity in the 21st century. It is also a problem for biological ecosystems that are draining and therefore biodiversity, including flora and fauna biodiversity on Earth is also decreasing. Climate change, mainly in terms of the global warming of the Earth's climate will cause in many places stepping of existing forest areas. There will be droughts in areas where these negative weather anomalies have not occurred. these processes will reduce the amount of water both on the Earth's surface and in the subcutaneous layers of soil.

Also, underground watercourses located in shallower underground layers may dry out in a period of several years in the area covered by long-lasting drought. This type of negative process of warming and dehumidifying the climate in a given area may lead to desertification of areas where vegetation previously occurred. In addition, these considerations should also take into account the impact of agriculture on the condition of rivers, including the quality and purity of water in rivers is large. Fertilizers dripping into rivers change the biological ecosystem in rivers. Mountain rivers in some countries are the only ones not yet seriously polluted. Another issue is obtaining drinking water from desalinated sea water. Due to the fact that there is less and less clean water on Earth. Due to the development of industry, increasing water consumption in households, deep water exploitation, increasing pollution of rivers, ponds, lakes and seas as well as the progressing global warming process, clean water resources are falling.

The progressing global warming process is a fact. It is also a fact that it is primarily human beings that are responsible for climate change adverse to life on Earth. Research conducted by climatologists shows that in recent years the number of cases of weather anomalies and climate disasters caused by climate change related to the increasingly faster global warming process has been increasing rapidly. The increasingly faster global warming process is the result of an increase in greenhouse gas emissions emitted by the industry and the energy sector producing electricity and heat based on the burning of minerals. In addition, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions is due to the development of the automotive industry also powered by burning minerals.

Greenhouse gases are also emitted by agriculture, mainly livestock farming with traditional production technologies without complying with organic farming principles. In addition, the burning of rubbish, including plastics, causes the emission of greenhouse gases and toxic to humans and other forms of chemical life. Due to the warming climate of the Earth, the consumption of electricity is growing, because the houses are installed ever larger refrigerators, refrigerators, air conditioners and more electronic devices enabling access to the Internet. The increase in demand for electricity causes a rapid increase in generation capacity in traditional power plants generating this energy based on traditional energy, consisting in burning increasingly larger amounts of hard coal, lignite, mazout from crude oil and other minerals.

Recently, another very disturbing effect has appeared confirming the progressing climate change consisting in the warming of the average atmosphere temperature of the planet Earth. A few days ago (February 2020) the world was spreading the news that for the first time in Antarctica the temperature exceeded 20 degrees C. In addition, in the last 50 years the average temperature in Antarctica increased by 3 degrees C. This is further confirmed by climatological studies evidence of an accelerating global warming process and therefore the increasing risks associated with climate change, the increasing risk of climate disasters, etc.

Unfortunately, more and more data on climate change research confirms the thesis that global warming is proceeding faster and faster. Increasing data indicate that a significant and perhaps the main factor of the global warming process is the development of human civilization still largely based on classical energy, in which energy is produced by burning non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, in the 21st century, the greatest challenge of humanity will be solving problems that are a consequence of adverse climate changes, rising average annual temperature at the Earth's surface, i.e. the progressing global warming process related to the growing greenhouse gas emissions. More and more climatology data indicate that the global warming process is accelerating. The result of this process will be more and more frequent drought, melting glaciers, raising the surface of the oceans and seas, reducing the areas of arable lands and fields suitable for human life.

Climatologists and scientists from other fields of science, conducting research on climate change and its effects, develop long-term forecasts of these changes. These forecasts show that the continuation of the global warming process over the next few decades may lead to the thaw of permafrost at the Arctic Circle and the release of millions of tons of frozen methane. Then the global warming process will accelerate and the Antarctic meltdown will be unstoppable. The areas in which man will be able to live and live due to the melting of all glaciers and due to the drying of many areas currently covered with vegetation or used for agriculture in the tropical and subtropical zones will decrease. It is also possible to increase Earth's seismic activity, increase in volcanic eruptions. The reason may also be an increase in solar activity over a period of several dozen years, because the current solar activity is low. In addition, weather anomalies and climatic and natural disasters will appear more and more often in many places around the world. Forest fires will occur more and more often. Lack of clean water and fresh water will appear in many areas.

The amount of articles about climate change is increasing because the problem is serious. Climate change is progressing faster and faster. The emission of greenhouse gases increases, the average temperature on the surface of the Earth increases every year, the global warming process is accelerating, the number of climatic disasters and weather anomalies increases. The problem is getting more serious. Regardless of which sources of the progressing global warming process are considered to be dominant, whether natural, natural or human industrial sources, it is necessary to study this process and to set global warming forecasts for the next years. It is necessary for humanity to be able to take the necessary prudential and adaptive actions to the changing climate. More and more research centers operating in different countries and investigating climate change state that the progressing greenhouse effect on Earth is already a fact. As a result, the risk of increasingly frequent and increasingly dramatic climate disasters is increasing. Man has less and less time to counteract these negative processes.

According to the published and presented results of climatologists' research during the recent UN Climate Summits and Conferences on the problem of progressing global warming process, unless by 2030 at the latest the world will not show the classic energy based on the burning of minerals for renewable energy sources and motorization for electromobility and there will be no appropriate improvement of segregation waste and recycling, by the end of the 21st century, the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by 3-4 degrees Celsius globally and the scale of climate cataclysms and weather anomalies will increase many times in relation to the current state.

It is necessary to change the development strategy based on intensifying the exploitation of the Earth's resources on the sustainable development strategy. It is necessary to develop new energy technologies based on renewable energy sources to slow down the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth in order to reduce the risk of dramatic natural cataclysms. It is necessary to develop ecological innovations, while it may not be too late. It is necessary to save the Earth by extinction for future generations.

In the next several to several dozen years, all pollinating insects may die, which will be the result of growing environmental pollution and the use of pesticides in arable fields. The result can be a significant decrease in the production of agricultural produce, including fruit, cereals and some vegetables. This can aggravate the problem of feeding the population. Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, develop energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, sorting garbage, recycling, etc. It is necessary to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development as soon as possible in accordance with the green economy philosophy and ecological financing reforms from green finance sources. Time is short. It is not certain that humanity will completely reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050. It is also not certain that if humanity succeeds, the global warming process will cease to deepen. However, implementing the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development is a necessity and the biggest challenge in the 21st century. In connection with the above, it is necessary to increase expenditure in all countries on ecological reforms in order to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development according to the green economy philosophy. There is not much time left to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasingly rapid global warming and escalating climate disasters.

The impact of climate change on insects is definitely very negative. An increase in temperature will drain the green areas where the insects feed. The progressing global warming process will increase fires in areas where various forms of flora and fauna occur, including foraging for insects. These changes will also negatively affect pollinating insects, which over the next several decades will cause a drastic decrease in the number of these insects, and this may also mean a drastic decrease in the production of fruit, cereals and some vegetables. Therefore, there may be problems with feeding people and farm animals. The global warming process, which has been progressing ever since the late 19th century, is a derivative of the civilization increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Insects are one of the key types of fauna that have arisen as a result of hundreds of millions of years of evolution of these life forms. In contrast, climate changes on the planet Earth, which are the result of the development of human civilization, have only lasted since the end of the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century. In the context of the evolution of life forms on Earth, human-induced imbalances in nature are a process that has been underway for a short time. Insects have been on Earth for hundreds of millions of years and now many of their species may become extinct due to human activity, which is practically a short moment in the history of the development of life forms on Earth.

In view of the above, if humanity realizes this process of pro-ecological reforms in the history of the development of civilization in the next dozen or so years, then the process of global warming will progress more slowly in subsequent years. In this way, when in a few decades the temperature at the Earth's surface will rise slightly due to the increase in solar activity, then humanity will survive these climate changes and will have a period to continue the necessary reforms and civilization changes, it will gain time to take the next necessary pro-ecological activities that will allow humanity to survive XXII century. However, the question still remains relevant: Is human being an endangered species due to the increasingly rapid global warming process?

Sustainable development can be achieved by various methods. Which methods will be chosen is determined by many factors of the environment, the environment of specific economic processes as well as the specifics of economic undertakings and the national economy. However, in the absence of a key development factor, a key raw material, such as water, may be a significant cost barrier to the implementation of the process of achieving sustainable development. Sustainable development in a situation of continuous irrigation of agriculture is not excluded, but will generate high costs. In such a situation, profitable enterprises should be developed in the domestic economy that will finance the costs of the said irrigation. It cannot be ruled out that irrigated poor quality soil will produce high yields with proper fertilization and use, high crop production will be generated and after a period of several or more years it will be possible to create more complex flora ecosystems, including forest next to arable fields and in this the process of achieving sustainable development can be successively improved. Then sustainable development will be analyzed, implemented and improved in terms of the national economy.

In connection with the growing need to implement the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development in recent years, ecological innovations arise mainly in the field of renewable energy sources, improvement of waste segregation techniques, recycling, treatment of polluted water, reclamation of a devastated natural environment, energy-saving construction, electromobility of the automotive industry, etc. more ecological innovations, new technological solutions and technical improvements that are part of sustainable ecological development are also emerging in many other fields of science.

Therefore, the current question is: Will humanity use the remaining time to implement this plan of rapid implementation of the principles of sustainable ecological development. It is the biggest global civilization challenge for humanity in the 21st century. Regardless of whether man manages to stop the global warming process in the 21st century or not, humanity should maximize expenditure on the protection of the Earth's biosphere, including biodiversity, reclamation of a degraded environment, the development of renewable energy sources and other key ecological activities and reforms. Humanity should transform classical economy and capitalism into green economy as soon as possible.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Climate change in the coming years will increasingly affect the economy. To date, however, these changes are slow and therefore have a limited impact on the economy. Many scientific data support the thesis that the development of human civilization is mainly responsible for climate change. For example, the development of the current (mid-March 2020) coronavirus-induced pandemic is progressing much faster and the negative effects of this pandemic are more noticeable to people. In this connection, the economic effects caused by the development of the Coronavirus pandemic are already visible and very serious. Perhaps in 2020 there will be a recession in the global economy caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. whereas climate change is currently moving very slowly. however, in the years to come, the effects of an increasingly faster global warming process may be more pronounced. The scale and frequency of future weather anomalies and drastic climate disasters can increase significantly. Then more and more often droughts, decreasing resources of fresh water, decreasing production of agricultural products, more and more often occurring fires of forests and other areas etc. will have more and more economic effects. These will be mainly negative economic effects, rising prices of food, water and many other necessities for life. Costs will rise and people's standard of living will fall. These processes are currently very limited and unnoticeable by most people, but in the following years will be more noticeable and the economic effects will grow rapidly in the future, in the perspective of the next dozen or several decades.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz