Indian Punjab has been facing serious growth water depletion problem but many factories have put their untreated and pollution water to ground through borewells that pose a awful threat to fertile land and life in the area. If we think to put rivers' water through borewells into the ground, I have two major concerns regarding this: 1. Factories also have been polluting rivers water by dumping their untreated water into the rivers. 2. Need of clear answer from geographers about direct recharging on waterlogging.
Innovations in Groundwater Recharge
Earthen irrigation systems can be transformed into highly productive region-wide groundwater recharge systems—at very little cost.
https://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Water_Policy_Briefs/PDF/wpb01.pdf
As per the Down to Earth Report " Parched Punjab" on groundwater depletion in Punjab, To tackle the problem of water table depletion, there should be enough irrigation network systems and surplus canal water, say, experts.
At present, surplus water ranging from 0.4 lakh ha to 10 lakh ha per year is going to Pakistan downstream of Husainiwala headworks during July, August, and September. This surplus water can be diverted to the rice fields during the monsoons.
"Even if we could divert 30 percent of the available surplus water during monsoons to the falling water table area (43 lakh ha) it would be able to check the fall in the water table by 21 cm per year." "In Punjab, the areas irrigated by canal networks have reported less fall in the water table. Studies show that Amritsar has reported less depletion of groundwater as the canal irrigates 48 percent of the land while tubewells cover 52 percent,".
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/parched-punjab-20535
Gaurov H. Tandon provided you already with what seems a feasible engineering approach. You may also refer to our Profile of Balochistan for another, older innovation.
Maybe it is helpful to know, that in the Netherlands replenishment of groundwater with river water is standard practice for decades, among others for the drinking water supply of Amsterdam.
Such solutions as above were not "fast" in the past. May be we can learn from China how to implement infrastructure faster.
Here is a brief summary of (1) groundwater recharge methods and (2) some informative slides
(1) https://www.geographynotes.com/geology-2/rainwater-harvesting/top-9-methods-of-groundwater-recharge-geology/1573
(2) https://www.slideshare.net/PrabhatMishra87/ground-water-recharge-methods
The problem is complex, because the groundwater also needs protecting. In the UK the Environment Agency use this approach
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/692989/Envirnment-Agency-approach-to-groundwater-protection.pdf
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