Dr Sabatini,

From my literature study for MS thesis, I found cryptography and group validation as potential solutions for securing ADS-B. Specially, at one session of DASC 2017, I have come to know about securing ADS-B based on combination of both symmetric and asymmetric cryptography (Bertheir et al.). Also, I feel group validation ( Sampigethaya et al. ) is another good solution where aircraft traveling in a common general direction form group network will verify the position by multilateration technique. This will need a dedicated airborne network to share the information. There are many techniques but I feel these two more promising.

You are correct to be concerned about the issue of cyber physical threats to ADS-B. It relies on GPS. In the future aviation will migrate to Dual Frequency, Multi Constellation (DFMC) GNSS. In the meantime GPS jamming and spoofing will continue to be a threat with increasing likelihood of happening either as a directed attack or (more likely) a side effect of something else.

UK Government just commissioned the Blackett Report. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/satellite-derived-time-and-position-blackett-review

Our own research supported by Innovate UK in this area began with identifying GPS jamming and is documented in the SENTINEL report. http://www.chronos.co.uk/index.php/en/resources/sentinel.

I am happy to answer more direct questions. I've been working on this topic for over 10 years.

Dear Charles,

Thank you very much for your message and for the valuable documents. I am also very actively involved in this line of research. A recent paper on GNSS performance threats and augmentation strategies in aviation was recently published in JPAS (for convenience, the link is provided below):

Article Global Navigation Satellite Systems Performance Analysis and...

In addition to addressing GNSS issues, it would be nice working together and investigating the feasibility of specific safety features that could be included in the ADS-B data-link as well.

Hi Roberto. Impressive paper, was it a PhD Thesis? Perhaps we could carry on a dialogue on email at [email protected]

Dear Charles,

Thank you very much. Yes, it was part of a PhD literature review. My direct email is: [email protected]

Kind regards,

Rob

Wow, I'm also very interested in the problem of GNSS scrambling. I have just started in this area of ADS-B, especially on GNSS. Your answers enlighten me enormously.

Thank you very much...

Hi Jophet, let me know if you need any more help, you can reach me on [email protected] Charles

Dear Roberto,

in recent years I have done some works concerning the ADS-B channel (1090ES) vulnerability. I'm still working on it using various techniques (e.g. signal fingerprinting, location information verification, array signal processing) to mitigate the various Mode S channel vulnerability (e.g. jamming, spoofing, garbling and channel capacity).

If you want you can find some details here:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327331335_Secondary_Surveillance_Radar_Transponders_classification_by_RF_fingerprinting

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321736174_ADS-B_jamming_mitigation_A_solution_based_on_a_multichannel_receiver

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320721476_Air_Traffic_Security_Aircraft_Classification_Using_ADS-B_Message's_Phase-Pattern

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274632775_ADS-B_vulnerability_to_low_cost_jammers_Risk_assessment_and_possible_solutions

I will be very happy to have a deeper discussion on this topic if you are interested.

Best Regard

Mauro

Also, I am very interested in the security issues in the current and future Air Navigation System especially ADS-B. There is a good survey on this topic mentioned in " On the Security of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Protocol"

I published my research paper titled "Enhancing accuracy and security of ADS-B via MLAT assisted-flight information system" regarding the same issue. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8275300

I have faced some problems in simulating spoofing ADS-B practically. I hope to have close cooperation with other researchers.

My e-mail is: [email protected]

I can't download your document, Ahmed Elmarady.

Please, send me that by [email protected]

Thancks for your work!

Hi, according to my experience you can follow two paths or even a combination of these, the first is an authentication of the package with private key and the second is an encryption of the package. It will also be necessary to add a parity check that takes into account both the content of the package and its type. I tell you this because I have already dealt with the problem for other aeronautical devices. Greetings

I am also working on this in my research and I am little bit confused .

if someone can provide me help, I would really appreciate that .

Thank you .

Here is my email [email protected]