What a good question !

I recommend building strategies based on the waste hierarchy and with the aim to stay within the thresholds of the 9 Planetary Boundaries of which 6 currently are already crossed. Waste and material use is related to all those boundaries. https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2023-09-13-all-planetary-boundaries-mapped-out-for-the-first-time-six-of-nine-crossed.html

Incentivising consumers can be in many ways, for example

- environmental programs in national school curriculum about sustainable consumption, waste and climate literacy, with a focus on reduction;

- Spread campaign materials, we published some on our website https://internationalwasteplatform.org/campaign-materials-2/. Let me know if you like to help translate our posters to Arabic :)

- Explain to the public about how some chemicals related to plastics impact health and environment - many studies available;

- using market-based instruments aiming at reduction of single-use packaging;

- system change, offering refilling systems - see https://planetreuse.eu/;

- improve waste collection and recycling and work with communities on waste segregation related to available waste collection system is used locally (education);

- Reduce consumer confusion about what to put in which bin, see our video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNm1QmAgCPc ;

- work with producers on recyclability - improve the design of products and combination of materials used.

- Regulate producers on the maximum allowed empty space inside packaging, those laws do not exist in most of not all countries - explained here https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/every-centimetre-counts-exploring-non-functional-nina-van-toulon/?trackingId=YJtLZ2XTTpS0k4g5AGc%2B9A%3D%3D

- set up a cross-sector collaboration with a recycling company, supermarket chain and a non-for-profit to establish collection points near the supermarket outlets where consumers can hand in their waste in exchange for a benefit (can be cash via an app or products), there are examples of such schemes.

Those were just a few ideas, there are many more :) Much of the above is also mentioned in Jordan's WASTE SECTOR Green Growth National Action Plan 2021-2025

https://www.sustainability.gov/pdfs/ggi-jordan-waste-sector.pdf

The challenge is to bridge top-down plans to bottom-up implementation.

Kind regards, Nina

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ninavantoulon/

Thank you so much for taking the time to answer my question. Your help is greatly appreciated!

Nina van Toulon

Thanks Anas. I forgot : legislation on fines for littering & dumping, provided that there are bins which are actually also emptied by municipalities. It would not be fair to fine people in case there are no bins around and no collection.

The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.vThe most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.The most efficient strategy would be to not generate waste. However, in the context of generation, work could be done on reducing the amount generated, recycling, reusing and efficient and sustainable treatment, in social, economic and environmental aspects.

What sustainable practices and what individuals and communities?

It's much more economic and effective to develop technologies that do not rely on individual compliance with novel practices. For example, neither recycling nor reuse have been effective for a number of reasons and not merely due to noncompliance. To the point - waste to energy is much more effective. https://www.epa.gov/smm/energy-recovery-combustion-municipal-solid-waste-msw