Dear Sarvesh Talele

That is an important issue, but in my opinion there is no universal solution that you could implement worldwide. It depends on local conditions (climate, topography, human habitat).

In Poland we try to crate polders (wide inhabited valleys between the dikes) and so called dry reservoirs (with dams and controlled outflow) to slow down the flow in the rivers. That helps to avoid the risk of "big wave".

But we cannot control the rainfall and that is why local floods are inevitable.

Main cause of floods around the world is due to deforestation. Trees tend to hold the water and prevent excessive surface water flow.

To certain extent floods can be prevented by planting trees

Another way may be by providing anicuts at regular intervals to prevent excess water accumulation and surface runoff.

Flood is a natural proces . It is not possible to control the nature. Only one can take precaution for the future disasters.

Well,

Floods are mainly influenced by the intensity of rainfall and their spatial distribution, and because these conditions are unstable and variable, a uniform method of flood control cannot be found throughout the globe.

Regards

Flood is a state of higher water level along a river channel or on coast leading to inundation of land that is not normally submerge. Flood, therefore is a natural disaster which causes considerable damage to the crops, livestock and human life. Floods can be controlled by adopting the following measures:

• Construction of embankments, flood walls and ring bunds. 
• Construction of flood control reservoirs which can temporarily hold a part of flood within the storage space provided in the reservoir so that the rate of flow below the reservoir is kept within safe limits. 
• Afforestation of the catchment areas of the rivers. 
• Improvement of surface drainage. 
• Arrest of bank erosion by river training works such as spurs and revetments. 
• Reducing the rate of runoff by watershed management. 
• Improvement of river channel. 
• Construction of raised platform to be used during times of flood emergency. 
• Building of storage dams across those small streams, which have devastated large areas in the past. 
• Desiltation of those reaches of the rivers course and drainage channels which obstruct the free flow of flood water. 
• Straightening of the meandering river channels. 
• Establishment of proper flood warning systems.

Flood is the kick back of mother nature. As we know, we can demolish and change the status of metal. But we can not finish it. It will be present in the same amount but its status will change. We know that flood is a natural process and we can not stop it. But we also knew that, the main cause of flood is deforestation, pollution, O3 and disturbance of nature.

We can not avoid flood but we can control and mitigate it by engineering approaches they are:

Soft engineering aproaches by providing buffer zones, making wetlands, pushing soil to make an earth wall infront of water way . River channel improvement methods:

Principle methods: River Regulation and Dredging

Navigable river canalization

Flow improvement by reservoir construction and operation

Hard engineering approaches which contains construction of training walls, gabian walls

Flood protection works:

High water river training (by dykes / levees / bunds)

Diversion & flood-relief channels (with or without control structures

Flood control reservoirs

A river is encouraged to pursue its natural course or maybe straightened

Straightened requires special attention due to regard to environmental constraints

“Efficient river training system”: try to maintain and improve the natural sequence of bends of a meandering river, while preserving sufficient navigation depth at low flows and suppressing unduly sharp bends and excessive velocities

Methods: groynes, jetties, longitudinal dykes, embankments

And finally you can contruct gyrones

Small jetties, solid or permeable, constructed of timber, sheet piles, vegetation, rubble stones, etc.

Project into stream in perpendicular to bank, sometimes inclined in river direction

Purpose: to reduce channel width & remove scour danger from banks

Sediment accumulation between groynes

Conclusion: First it depends on the topo of the area, what climate it has, land use and land cover etc.

Thanks

No Brasil uma das principais causas de inundações são a alta dificuldade do escoamento superficial somado com ocupação excessiva de solo impermeável, cada vez mais as áreas permeáveis estão sendo trocadas por calçadas e pisos de concreto dificultando o escoamento natural. Concordo com os colegas que é humanamente impossível controlar a natureza, porém, o planejamento feito de forma correta em projetos de drenagem urbana colaboram para que as inundações não causem danos excessivos ao homem e meio ambiente.

Perfect draining system and protection of water bodies.

It's purely depend on local topographic condition... The main reason is disturbing the topography. Even though if disturbance is necessary there are certain steps to balance it. Taking the case study of Charmadi ghats at Karnataka the land slide is because of not providing retaining walls. This goes with civil field but when goes normally with enviroment the best method is plantations of trees, weeds one of the best taken in karnataka is kaveri calling moment.