Phenomenological approach is criticized for "lack of science" in the knowledge generated. How can we best justify the knowledge generated using phenomenography? What would be the counter argument particularly useful for use of phenomenographic research in entrepreneurship and learning?
Thank you
I think that you must read this book. It may help you in this argumentation.
Best luck!
https://www.amazon.com/Crafting-Phenomenological-Research-Mark-Vagle/dp/1611323029
The life-word is where knowledge just exists as a result of "living in" the life-world, in natural attitude.....
Unless scientific approaches to validity and reliability are addressed in a phenomenographic research and the responsibility for rigour is accepted by a researcher, otherwise, the research is considered as unscientific (Cope, 2004; Giorgi, 2010). In other words, the validity/quality of a qualitative/phenomenographic research relates to a researcher’s justification for presenting the outcome that based on the results as credible and trustworthy (Cope, 2004). Here, the consideration of quality in a qualitative/phenomenographic research starts from the beginning, which includes the research question(s), etc.; the justification and appropriateness of the research method; and each stage of the study process until the findings (Johnson, 1997; Stenbacka, 2001; Golafshani, 2003; Rolfe, 2006; Sin, 2010).
Giorgi (2010, p. 8) argues that scientific knowledge is meant to be intersubjective knowledge and in order to achieve true intersubjectively, new researchers should use the phenomenographic methods employed by original researchers in the same way because the knowledge obtained is correlated with the methods used. In order words, a lack of science is mainly due to the researchers who give no careful steps and rules to guide the conscious research process (Stenbacka, 2001; Giorgi, 2010). Please also refer to “some issues that arises from doctoral dissertations” (Giorgi, 2010, pp. 14-18) as well as the information that provided by Perry (1998).
In addition, you may find the differences between phenomenography and phenomenology by accessing to this link: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_differences_between_phenomenography_and_phenomenology_in_qualitative_research
- Cope, C. (2004) Ensuring validity and reliability in phenomenographic research using the analytical framework of a structure of awareness, Qualitative Research Journal, 4, 2, pp. 5-18.
- Giorgi, A. (2010) Phenomenology and the Practice of Science, Existential Analysis, 21, 1, pp. 3-22.
- Golafshani, N. (2003) Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, The Qualitative Report, 8, 4, pp. 597-607.
- Johnson, R. B. (1997) Examining the validity structure of qualitative research, Education, 118, 3, pp. 282-292.
- Perry, C. (1998) A structured approach to presenting phd theses: notes for candidates and their supervisors, Australasian Marketing Journal, 6, 1, pp. 63-86.
- Rolfe, G. (2006) Validity, trustworthiness and rigour: quality and the idea of qualitative research, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53, 3, pp. 304-310.
- Sin, S. (2010) Considerations of Quality in Phenomenographic Research, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 9, 4, pp. 305-319.
- Stenbacka, C. (2001) Qualitative research requires quality concepts of its own, Management Decision, 39, 7, pp. 551-555.
Thank you Rafael Duarte Oliveira Venancio and Gabriel Zanotti for your helpful answers. Kenneth Lui-ming Ngie I am specially grateful for enlightening and comprehensive reply.
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