When using such a combination we enabling further improve the thermal performance of the solar cell when using graphene with Fe₂O₃ and integrated with inorganic PCMs

Fe₂O₃ + NaCl can enhance solar cell efficiency mainly by thermal management and light scattering.

• As a phase change material (PCM), Fe₂O₃ absorbs excess heat, stabilizing cell temperature and reducing thermal degradation.
• Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles also scatter light, increasing optical path length and light absorption.
• NaCl can help tune the thermal and structural properties of the composite. Implementation can include coatings or backside layers with Fe₂O₃+NaCl nanocomposites, but it’s important to ensure optical transparency and outdoor stability.