for example if you use Crumb rubber in improvement site soil,you will absorb many earthquake energy.
Look into Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Structures.
Some use Heated and stretched and perforated plastic sheeting
in tension in horizontal layers to reinforce the soil.
Check out products by TENSAR Corporation.
If you want to reinforce concrete against failure in tension, you need
material that is long, slender, strong in tension, relatively inert to both
acids and bases, and can accommodate some stretching without
breakage, while being encased inside concrete.
Short fibers to long rods can be utilized that are made of steel, plastics,
fiberglass, bamboo, welded wire fabrics, extruded basalt, stainless steel,
wire cables, and others.
To use plastics as an aggregate, try melting and mixing with conventional
aggregates like sand, or melted glass, or lava, cinders, or basalt.
Testing will be necessary to see if the concrete is strong enough with
plastic aggregates.
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