Dear Salwan Al-maliki,

Please have a look at this useful link and PDF attachment.

https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/003/07/0045-0052

Good luck!

Dear respected Salwan Al-maliki,

Capillary action and surface tension are responsible for uptake of nutrients and minerals from the soil through the stem of the plant.

Best regards.

Kifilideen.

Thanks for answering questions mr kifildeen and .mr arvid.

As explained in reference given that nutrients must move to the roots surface firstly and then have to inter inside stems to move upward to the leaves.

Thanks imran.

The living systems of soil know as soill,clay,humus composed of lignite carbon and protein as enzymes of microorganisms ,the store house of plant nutrients which supply essential nutrients of plants in root hair of plant in ionic form for nutrition of plant. The process of absorption of nutrients from soil to plant known as mass flow, diffusion, root interception.

Thanks Ashok for naming the process of transformation of nutrients in soil to plant as a mass flow or diffusion.

Some factors might affect this process such as salinity level, acidity, texture, contaminated soil, drying conditions and soil compaction.

Prinçiple of plant essential nutrients transformation in soil with sequence of pool like water soluble ,exchangeable, organic bonded as chelated , amorphous, crystalline forms from total nutrients pool of soil. Nutrients absorption principles depends on mass flow, diffusion,root interception processes.So, plant nutrients transformation and absorption prcess generally affected by soil pH like acidity generally pH below 6 contain more hydrogen, alumunium ,iron, manganese ion make complexes with essential plant nutrients like phosphorous ,boron ,molybdenum etc. saline soil pH 7 to 8 salts of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium,potassium,calcium, magnesium make complex with essential nutrients of plants and in alkaline soil pH above 8.5 carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium make complexes with essential plant nutrients and become unavailable to plant for nutrition.So,soil amendment like lime or dolomite in acid soil may be applied to bring the favourable soil pH 6.5 and above for availability of essential plant nutrients.In saline soil use of organic matter like enriched vermicopost and green manuring to make complex of soluble salts in chelation process .In alkaline soil use of gypsum along with organic matter to bring the soil pH below 8. So, favourabe soil pH 6 to 8 and ideal soil pH 6.5 to 7.5 should be maintained for ideal nutriton of plant along the microorganisms which transform essential nutrients in ionic form in the root hairs of plant in the living systems of soil known as soil ,clay,humus as lignite cabon and protein as enzymes of microoganisms with the use of suitable soil amendment. So, soil physical,chemical, biological properties should be ideal for ntrition of plant which predominantly alter nutrients availability to plant.

Nice explanation Ashok. I agree with you the ideal pH is 6.5-7.5 for plant and also ideal for soil microbial community to decompose material and transform them to ionic forms like nitrification process

Ecology of soil as small microorganisms in plant nutrient transformation processes to plant to animal and human beings in the food chain of nature from lower trophic to higher trophic should be understand in relation to soil science and plant ntrition in the in the ecology of earth and nature.

These microbial- plant- soil relations need to be understood well to increase productivity. If can I add point which is a vital way; we may study deeply these relationships with water regime in soil.

Thanks for this question, Sir. I really have a worry about which part of the plant absorbs carbon. If we look at photosynthesis, we will be tempted to think that plant leaves are crucial in capturing C that is used in building plant organs but then most explanations favor the capillary sorption by roots of nutrients (not specific). One other worry is the actual form in which carbon gets into the plant cells or tissues to be involved in metabolism.