in Pursuit problem in finding path in the river to fixed point the water speed is influence in that path how can I calculate the speed of water that depend on width ,deep ,winds speed ,and if it rains or no ?
You don't have instruments for that measure?
You can put little things that can float in the river and knowing the distance, you can take the time and calculate the distance, and then take the average of all your data.
Here is my answer to a similar question that may be helpful to you.
I am attaching a pamphlet on discharge measurements that may help. I would suggest if nothing else installing one or more transducers (they are relatively inexpensive, can detect water level changes, and record data at almost any frequency). They can however foul on occasion if too much sediment. Developing a stage (water level) discharge is typically a time consuming endeavor, and for large rivers, with some hazards requiring quality equipment. The acoustical doppler meters are what you probably need to help measure flow velocities during cross section measurements at different river stages, however, these are fairly expensive. They too may have some issue with high sediment loads if that is a problem. If bridges over river are available, the old methods with current meter still work to help determine the velocity profiles at points across the cross section of the river. Cable cars such as those on document cover are sometimes used if there are no reasonable crossings if the intent were to use the old style current meters.
I am not sure how good the present optical remote tools might be or how coarse of an estimate you might be willing to accept.
Basically a detailed cross section of the river that is stable in its channel properties (not aggrading, not degrading, not shifting location) is needed, and a total station survey of channel levels and floodplain levels can give a high quality cross section of the channel and floodplain to uplands that will not flood. This is needed so as river stage changes, you can determine cross section change, and with mean velocity (a composite of many measures), you can estimate discharge changes.
There are other ways to measure velocity, with substantial variance in accuracy. One old school method to estimate velocity was to throw in several oranges and time how long they take to float a distance.
If other systems are not reasonable. Discharge can also be estimated by injecting at a known concentration of a fluorescent dye at a known constant rate, and measure the concentration at a well mixed station downstream until the concentration stabilizes downstream to determine the dilution factor, and multiply this by the injection rate. The objective is typically to develop the stage discharge relationship of a stable section, so water level changes detected can be used to estimate discharge.
Estimation of river discharge using optical remote sensing? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/estimation_of_river_discharge_using_optical_remote_sensing [accessed Mar 10, 2017].
Attachment for Hansen response on USGS methods relative to measuring streamflow. I am not sure if it mentions pitot tube or velocity head rod as other tools that may be helpful in certain conditions, but no common or general use that I know of.
thanks for all you answers I will study carfully your resposes ,but the main idea is how to calculate water velocity under special conditions such windy day or rainy day through fuzzy parameters .
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