Probably not at all, as it is part of the baseband processor which is only accessible via AT commands from the application processor. There are however some SoC-specific APIs which may provide you access to some functions of the sound encoder.
Do you have any reference that this is using the GSM encoding. AudioTrack is using the sound module running in the application processor, which does not support GSM encoding.
Dear mr. Prakasam! Thank you very much for your link, but it's example of use microphone and speaker. Of cause, it's may be useful for some tasks, but I need a full control of AMR encoder buffer. Do you have an example how to transmit PCM through GSM without DAC/ADC transformation?