For determination of thickness of sapwood and heartwood (not hardwood sorry) if you are not able to cut the stem, than one of easiest option is to collect increment cores with increment borer (special apparatus) and measure it. This can be not that accurate as if you measure it on stem diameter but still can be helpful. Methods and usage you can find more brief explained in two publications named: "INCREMENT CORES How to Collect, Handle, and Use Them", this is General tehnical report from United states department of agriculture and it can be found and downloaded for free. Second useful literature is "Relationships between stem diameter, sapwood area, leaf area and transpiration in a young mountain ash forest" from authors R. A. VERTESSY, R. G. BENYON, S. K. O’SULLIVAN3,4 and P. R. GRIBBEN also can be found on internet for free. Hope it will help you.