I am trying to simulate a metasurface of 24x24 elements, but even with a GPU of 48GB it takes very long to simulate. I want to obtain the field along the defined curve.
You can try periodic boundary conditions. It won't give you the behaviour of the outside two rows of the array, but the 20x20 inside this should be well simulated.
As mention in your quarry, you have 24x24 element in your structure. you have not mentioned operating frequency. this will decide the number of elements in solver matrix size (CST screen it display as Meshcells) for given structure, this in-turn impact on CST solver speed. In CST matrix size can be modified manually but this will affect the output result. to get a reasonably good acceptable output result we need to have minimum two node on the smallest part of structure. So essentially for boosting the CST solver seed firstly we should have optimum Meshcells.
If structure electrical size is large and has tiny structure which has bearing on over all performance of structure and operating frequency is reasonably high, in that situation system platform configuration will have very high impact on CST solver speed.
In addition to above suggestion for array type of structure you can also apply periodic boundary conditions, This will also accelerate the speed.
The frequency doesn't make any difference. CST needs several mesh cells per metamaterial period, to correctly model the shape of the elements, and the fields and currents. This works out at lots of mesh cells per wavelength. This is usually more than the density required for modelling microstrip or waveguide at the same frequency. If you have a 24 by 24 period array, then each period will probably need at least 10 by 10 mesh cells in each layer, so you have about 60000 mesh cells times the number of mesh cells in the thickness. This comes close to a million or more. CST sends a pulse into the mesh, and looks at the multiple reflections. For one edge to interact with the opposite edge once the pulse has to travel through 240 mesh cells and back. It takes several bounces to settle close to the right answer, so it needs to calculate the fields at a million points several thousand times before it has the right answer. This takes a long time.
As we have mentioned in our explanation that, the number af meshcells are depend upon "operating frequency. this will decide the number of elements in solver matrix size (CST screen it display as Meshcells) for given structure" This apply also apply to multilayer structure, where in each layer will be indusually meshed. Thus if metamaterial each cell has say six layer then in this case, number meshcells required for one metamaterial cell she'll be number of meshcells require for one layer multiply by six(assuming all six layers has same complexity of printed structure). This product will give the numbers of meshcells required for one metamaterial cell and if metamaterial array size is 24x24 then we need to multiply this product with numbers of meshcells required by one metamaterial cell as calculated above.
@ reduced mesh cells if the resolution gets effected the same can be simulated in peace meals for total frequency band and may be analyzed accordingly by adding up the results or simulating the total band once a while