We are looking for the mechanical characteristics of normal and osteoporotic bone. Anybody can suggest us some references including Young modulus of elasticity, tensile, shear and compressive ultimate stress of porous bone please?
Delaram:
There are two articles that you should look at on what mechanical tests to perform to assess the strength, stiffness and toughness of bone: (i) the first by Burr and Turner on how to measure the basic stiffness and strength properties, (ii) the second one by my group on how to measure the fracture toughness. The references are:
(i) Turner, CH, Burr, DB. "Basic Biomechanical Measurements of Bone: A Tutorial", Bone 1993; 14: 595-608.
(ii) R. O. Ritchie, K. J. Koester, S. Ionova, W. Yao, N. E. Lane, and J. W. Ager III, “Measurement of the Toughness of Bone: A Tutorial with Special Reference to Small Animal Studies”, Bone, 2008; 43: 798-812.
I can forward you a copy of mine, if you need me to.
If you do these tests on normal and osteoporotic bone - do lots of tests, in a blood-analog environment of course, as there will always be lots of variation in properties - and then simply compare the properties of the two groups of bone.
I hope that this helps.
ROR
To find the ultimate tensile stress of any bone you need to measure the force needed to pull the bone apart (until it breaks) or in some way measusre the force needed for a certian lenghtening (elasticiety). or until it is permanently deformed. It may be peopertinal to the cross-sectional area, but is is also dependent on bone quality, which may vary from bone to bone. So, you need to perform a mechanical test.
Delaram:
There are two articles that you should look at on what mechanical tests to perform to assess the strength, stiffness and toughness of bone: (i) the first by Burr and Turner on how to measure the basic stiffness and strength properties, (ii) the second one by my group on how to measure the fracture toughness. The references are:
(i) Turner, CH, Burr, DB. "Basic Biomechanical Measurements of Bone: A Tutorial", Bone 1993; 14: 595-608.
(ii) R. O. Ritchie, K. J. Koester, S. Ionova, W. Yao, N. E. Lane, and J. W. Ager III, “Measurement of the Toughness of Bone: A Tutorial with Special Reference to Small Animal Studies”, Bone, 2008; 43: 798-812.
I can forward you a copy of mine, if you need me to.
If you do these tests on normal and osteoporotic bone - do lots of tests, in a blood-analog environment of course, as there will always be lots of variation in properties - and then simply compare the properties of the two groups of bone.
I hope that this helps.
ROR
A unique value cannot be used for bone properties. For instance, the tissue elastic modulus might not be the same for different sites (although this is argued by some). Further, in the case of FE modeling, the material properties depend on the nature of the model (e.g., continuum or micro-FE).
The gold standard method for measuring bone properties is mechanical testing. You might need to consider performing a standard mechanical testing on cubic bone samples with known dimensions. This way, you can create the stress-strain curve from the load-displacement curve by knowing the dimensions.
Also, the following papers might help:
'Tensile and compressive stress yield criteria for cancellous bone' by Cowin et al.
'Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone' by Rho et al.
Further, this paper might be interesting:
'Micro-finite element simulation of trabecular-bone post-yield behaviour - effects of material model, element size and type' by Verhulp et al.
I hope this helps
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