You can follow this topic which is about the TON, TOF calculations and active site determination

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Hello_How_to_calculate_the_TOFTurnover_frequency_and_the_amount_of_the_catalyst_active_sites_Thank_youhttps://www.researchgate.net/post/Hello_How_to_calculate_the_TOFTurnover_frequency_and_the_amount_of_the_catalyst_active_sites_Thank_you

Usually the Pd is deposited after the carbon is granulated, making most if not all of the Pd active. A first estimate can be made from weight gain.

 You can use BET analysis of your Pd catalyst and support for total surface area, pore size and pore volume and XRD for nanoparticle size. And these data give information to calculation of active site in Pd/C catalyst. 

Hi Hussein Al-Wadhaf,

You can determine the number of active site of deposited metals by H2-pulse chemisorption measurements, and their strength by further H2-TPD analysis; both analysis can be performed in sequence. Although H2 is the most applied probe, it can be replaced by other probe molecules such as CO and NO. The choice of which probe to use depends on the adsorption mechanism, I know that the use of H2 to determine active sites on nobel metals like Ru and Os works well. However I believe that CO is a better probe molecule for Pd. I did a quick check and it seems that H2 embrittle Pd. I have included here links that might help in your studies.

Best Regards,

Alexandre.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(75)90069-5

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/la015650a

http://www.particletesting.com/Repository/Files/introduction_to_chemical_adsorption_analytical_techniques.pdf

http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12246

https://www.nature.com/nature-physci/journal/v236/n66/full/physci236073b0.html

I would like to recommend you an old but good book.J.R.Anderson"Structure of Metallic Catalysts". A.P.1975

A specialist in the field of heterogeneous catalysis is unemployed and is looking for a job. Who can offer a job.

you should calculate a number of Pd atoms, using your calculations of concentration of active phase (Pd) onto the supporter (C). So, TON, in general is amount of molecules of product (or reacted molecules of substrat, or initial substantion) formed on one atom of metal of active phase.

Thanks to all who attended this qeustion

To calculate the active sites you need to do the pulse chemisorption either H2, or CO, from there you can know the moles of gas adsorbed using stoichiometric factor, these number of moles of gas adsorbed over the surface of catalyst can be used as numbers of active sites. Then you may calculate the active surface area, % dispersion and aggregate particle size, as well as you can also calculate the TOF

TOF= molar rate of reactant/ no. of active sites or number of moles of gas adsorbed at monolayer of catalyst by pulse chemisorption.

Thanks

see attachments

Thank you very much!!!