You can have a look at tsunami research. There is a bit of work on soil salinization and the solutions.

Cheers

The water soluble salts in excess quantity present in soils as measured in terms of electrical conductivity I.e., more than 4 dS per meter would create plasmolysis by which nutrients and water absorbed by the plants are returned back to the soil, thereby causing stunted growth and death of plants in severe and extreme cases. The condition can be remedied in soils effectively by phytoremediation 

The type of soil in that area contribute on the selection of an irrigation system to be employed; check the type of oil (texture and structure). Such will assist with aspect of soil cultivation and washing of salts in sodic soils.

You also select crops that are less sensitive to salinity stress such as cherry tomatoes and swiss chard.

What is grown in your area?

Soil salinity has detrimental effects on seed germination and plant growth. However,

plant species differ in their sensitivity or tolerance to salts. There is evidence that organs, tissues and cells at different developmental stages of plants exhibit varying degrees of tolerance to environmental conditions. It is reported that soil salinity suppresses shoot growth more than root growth. The high salt content lowers osmotic potential of soil water and consequently the availability of soil water to plants. The salt-induced water deficit is one of the major constraints for plant growth in saline soils. In addition, many nutrient interactions in salt—stressed plants can occur that may have important consequences for growth.

Some salts also render some important nutrients unavailable to plants because they are fixed

Techniques that can be adapted are basically the cultivation techniques...

Salinity alleviation by proper use of fertilizer 

Plant growth can be inhibited by high salt concentrations through osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance, and specific ion toxicity.  However, the growth inhibition (vegetative and reproductive) and the adverse effects induced by salinity can be alleviated by proper (a) use of fertilizer or (b) water management. Experiments carried out by Chen et al 2010 with cotton showed that at low and moderate salinity level, proper use of N fertiliser may help alleviate the adverse effects caused by salinity but not at high salinity level as follows:  

 Reference

Weiping Chen, Zhenan Hou,  Laosheng Wu, Yongchao Liang and Changzhou Wei. 2010. Effects of salinity and nitrogen on cotton growth in arid environment. Plant Soil. 326:61–73

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11104-008-9881-0#page-1

salinity causes osmotic and ionic imbalance in plants as it adversely affects water as well as nutrient uptake.Enzyme activity is also affected adversely depriving energy requirement for growth and development.Adverse effect of salinity can be minimizes to some extend by pre-sowing treatment with PGR (gibberelline) and proline.Proline probably helps in protecting enzymes from adverse effect of salinity.  

Three  aspects must be considered when irrigation saline water is used: 1) Growth and Yield deficit due to the leaves salt burn. The level of the yield deficit is shown by the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper on Yield response to the quality of irrigation water, 2) specific salts and ions (sodium, boron and others) can also contribute to the growth and yield deficit explaine by the above FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper; 3) In most cases, when calculating soil water availability, only the water content is considered. The effect of salinity on the wilting point is neglected. So, growth and yields is also a function of water and soil salinity. Hence, the wilting point is also a function of the soil salt content. At high salinity, the water content at wilting pointis higher than at low salinity, resulting in an insufficient amount of available water and, therefore, a reduced growth and yield. This  aspect and the use of clean and environmental techniques to decrease salinity problems in the soil and the crops are described in some of our papers, which can be sent by request. José Beltrao (e-mail:

It inhibits plant growth via interplay of a variety of physiological and biochemical attributes, and strongly influences plant distribution, survival and productivity. Several studies have examined the degree of salt tolerance and the associated mechanisms in crop plants. Enhanced salt stress disrupts homeostasis in plant water potential and ion distribution at both cellular and whole-plant levels. This damages biological molecules, causing arrest of growth and even death of the plant. Plants ability to counteract the damaging effects of salinity can be evaluated by examining its water relations, level of inorganic nutrients and compatible solutes, hormonal regulation and oxidative defence metabolism.

As all the colleges have said, it is a problem of competition and competitivity. Water  and nutrient absoption by the roots is conditioned by the soil solution composition and concentration. Thus, all proceses are conditioned and mainly transpiration is affected. Transpiration is the price that the plant must pay for doing photosíntesis. So, all this explains briefly your question. Nevertheless, there is many publication and a lot of information on this subject.

Extra irrigation might help to wash excess of salts in the soil, so it could help to dicrease salinity level in soils.

As other colleagues has said, using salt tolerant crops can be also an option.

1) In fact extra irrigation might help to wash excess of salts and it is the easy way to decrease salts from the upper layers , However salts will be infiltrated to deeper layers and to acquifers, causing problems of salt contamination.

2) On the other hand, using salt tolerant crops is good to the crops, but it is not good to the soil, which will be contaminated with the salts.

3) So, the best way to preserve future crops and to clean  the soil from the salts is to use clean and environmental desasalination techniques-

Dear J. Beltrão the excess amount of water certainly take salt into deeper layer of soil but its also affect other important nutrition in soil. Other important nutrients which is useful for plant growth also going to dissolved in water and goes into deeper layer of soil. what you think?

Dear Dr. Ashish Patel. In my opinion, your comments are rifght. Additionally, nitrogen and phosphorus may also contribute to increase the environment's contaminationt (water sources, aquifers and deeper layers). So, these aspects contribute to increase  the use of the clean and environmental  techniques to control salt contamination.

Excess salt means there is a change in soil pH. As you know, soil pH is related to plant nutrients. Therefore change in pH restricts the availability many plant nutrients that retard plant growth. Besides, there are physiological conditions which too limit the growth of plants under salt conditions.

The excess salts in soil increase the osmotic pressure across the root cells and the soil water. As a result water availability is greatly reduced and the plant suffers growth and ultimately the productivity.  

Excess salts in Rhizosphere increases the osmotic potential as a result instead of water entering the plant root, water comes out of plant root in extreme case. As water entry is restricted, plants get less of mobile nutrients and water leading to poor growth.

Dear Munnoli,

Following paper can aid you in your studies..

http://plant-tc.cfans.umn.edu/listserv/2002/log0207/pdf00000.pdf

Regards.

Dear friends: Possibility of excess salt in root zone occur only when soils do not have sufficient moisture/water. As the soils dried up concentration of salts  increases because of transpiration of water from surface and through capillary movement whatever salts were removed from root zone by extra water and irrigation find the way to come back. Hence when soil dried the concentration increases up to the level of exosmosis. And therefore instead of flow of water and nutrient should be towards plants through root it follow reverse move through exosmosis. Thus water from plant sucked by soil and in most of the case it become the main reason of retardation of plant growth. Please give your comments.

Conditions required to improve saline soils are:

1. Availability of good quality of irrigation water

2. Good drainage condition

3. Use more organic matter

4. 25% higher fertilizer dose than recommended one

5. Shallow and frequent irrigation 

6. Use salt tolerant crops/varieties

7. rice crop during kharif season is most suitable

if your crop is fruit trees, our irrigation system(the buried diffuser) could be a good solution because it delivers the water 50cm below the soil suface respecting the heavy soil(50% of clay) water absorption rate(4 litters per hour) . Test have been done during 52 days none stop(days and nights) in a thick heavy soil(4 meters ) to deliver 10 cubic meters of water. The moistened soil bulb has 3 meters diameter . What is important is that the roots system will occupy this bulb and aerate the deep soil layers . The top 50 cm of the soil during the dry season will dry and crack allowing more aeration of deep soil layers. for more information on the buried diffuser visit: attached site

Excess water adversely affect the plant growth and development by changing the micro environment of soil (developed anaerobic condition : replacement of oxygen by the water and check the root respiration process that leads to formation of ethylene. it is a plant growth inhibitor that cause plant wilting.

2. simply you add organic matter e.g. FYM, Vermi compost or other organic compounds that improve the aeration of soil. it also helps in water retention and supply of micro nutrients to the plants .

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