Genes are the basic units of heredity, containing instructions for specific traits. Alleles are different versions of a gene. The variation in alleles within a population contributes to genetic diversity among individuals within a species.

Genetic diversity is crucial for species survival because it provides a range of traits that can help organisms adapt to changing environments. A greater genetic diversity within a species means a larger pool of potential traits to cope with environmental pressures, such as diseases or changes in climate. This diversity can increase the likelihood of some individuals having advantageous traits that allow them to survive and reproduce, ensuring the continuation of the species. Conversely, low genetic diversity reduces the ability of a population to adapt, making it more vulnerable to extinction due to a lack of adaptive potential when faced with environmental challenges.

Dr Sudhanshu Raman thank you for your contribution to discussion

In every case, genetic variation and natural selection provide an amazingly effective process for promoting the adaptation of organisms to their environments. Gene flow can introduce novel alleles to a population. These alleles can be integrated into the population, thus increasing genetic diversity. As an insecticide-resistant mutation arose in Anopheles gambiae African mosquitoes. The role of genes is to determine individual traits. The role of alleles is to contribute the diversity in phenotype expression as eye color, skin pigmentation, hair color, dark skin, blue eyes, and brown hair. Maintaining high genetic diversity allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding. Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce.Genetic diversity is an important factor in the ability of species to adapt to changing environments. High levels of genetic diversity can help to ensure the adaptability of populations to changing conditions, while low genetic diversity can leave populations vulnerable to extinction. This is known as genetic diversity. It strengthens the ability of species and populations to resist diseases, pests, changes in climate and other stresses. Gene variations underpin their capacity to evolve and their flexibility to adapt. An adaptation is a mutation, or genetic change, that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survives in its environment. Due to the helpful nature of the mutation, it is passed down from one generation to the next. A genetically diverse population of individuals is more likely to survive than a population of individuals with similar genetic makeup. Variation allows some individuals within a population to adapt to the changing environment and natural selection allows the expression of those beneficial traits to persist.