Some references mention that the first gas injection project using CO2 was patented by Whorton, Brownscombe and Dyes from Atlantis Refining Company in 1952. However, this technology appears to be older. I am looking for information and documents on the history of gas injection.
Appreciate for your assistance
Dear Reza,
GI project should be older than 1952, as you can see in the attached papers.
According to AASA, the concept of direct fuel injection has been around since 1925 when Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman invented it. During WWII, some fighter planes were equipped with direct fuel injection to prevent stalling during high speed aerial maneuvers. After WWII, auto companies discovered that mechanically injecting fuel into the cylinder was virtually impossible to do with the technology at the time. Despite those setbacks, the bugs seem to have been worked out, and the concept has offered many improvements to modern day operations.
In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Water injection wells can be found both on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir.
Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir (also known as voidage replacement), and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and push it towards a well.
Normally only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases that percentage (known as the recovery factor) and maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a longer period.
Waterflooding began accidentally in Pithole, Pennsylvania by 1865. Waterflooding became common in Pennsylvania in the 1880s. In the 1920s, the practice began of reinjecting the produced water into porous and permeable subsurface formations, including the reservoir interval from which the oil and water originally had come. By the 1930s, reinjection of produced water had become a common oilfield practice.
Reinjection of water was first done systematically in the Bradford oil field of Pennsylvania, US. There, the initial "circle-flood" approach was replaced by a "line flood," in which two rows of producing wells were staggered on both sides of an equally spaced row of water-injection wells. In the 1920s, besides the line flood, a "five-spot" well layout was used (so named because its pattern is like that of the five spots on a die).
Much of waterflooding’s technology and common practice developed in the U.S. between 1940 and 1970. By the mid-1940s, the onshore US oil industry was maturing and primary production from many of its reservoirs had declined significantly, whereas most reservoirs elsewhere in the world were in the early stages of primary production.
These are some materials on this subject:
1- Case History of an Immiscible Gas Injection Pilot in a Massive Carbonate Reservoir With Water Drive
2-Case history of pressure maintenance by gas injection in the 26R gravity drainage reservoir.
3-Nitrogen Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery.
4-Water-alternating-gas (WAG)
5-Twenty year of gas injection history into well-fractured Haft Kel Field (Iran).
6-OIL AND GAS IN PENNSYLVANIA
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