The diagnostic keys in most floras distinguish Catalpa and Paulownia by the position of their leaves. Catalpa: part of the leaves in whorls of three. Paulownia: leaves opposite.
A few days ago I encountered a young Paulownia tree with all leaves in whorls.
The European Garden Flora, vol, VI, p. 344 is the only reference I have found so far admitting Paulownia with leaves "occasionally in whorls".
Without flowers and fruit beginners often mix up Catalpa and Paulownia.
Any experience with Paulownia?
Should the keys in floras be corrected?