Hello, dears.
I can not manage these steps. please help me. To apply preloading on the bolts I want to do the following steps from this article:
The Guidelines for Modelling the Preloading Bolts in the Structural Connection Using Finite Element Methods
Please explain how to set up steps 1, 2, and 3.
((((((((Analysis Procedure 1 (“bolt load” preloading technique)
Initial Step. Boundary condition.
Step 1. Bolt preloading/activating the contact element.
Step 2. Fixing the bolt length.
Step 3. External load.
The bolts are preloaded in the first step of the analysis according to bolt load method. The pretension is simulated by splitting the bolt body and applying a magnitude of preload force on two parallel surfaces in the bolt shank. At Abaqus/CAE are created the datum axes and the partition of the bolt body in the middle of the shank as shown in Figure 5. The magnitude of preload force is 70% of their minimum tensile strength of the bolt [11]. After applying the pretension to the bolts, their length is fixed at their current position. This technique helps to avoid the problem with extensive elongation of the bolts under the loading. During the first two steps (Initial Step and Step ), all three translational degrees of freedom (DOF) at the section of pretension are restrained. This degree of freedom served as the artificial boundary condition to prevent the numerical singularity error which occurs as a result of rigid body motion. After the preloading and activating the contact properties, this artificial boundary condition is then removed.)))))))))
What is the meaning of the artificial boundary?
how and where I must apply artificial boundaries?
I can set the first step but I have a problem with step2.
If any have an example?
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