How can you prove that GRACE measures the amount of water on the Earth's surface? GRACE measures spatiotemporal changes in gravity. This includes a total estimate of the mass of the Earth's solid shell, hydrosphere, atmosphere, taking into account the distance between the satellite and the mass. On the other hand, the influence of the total mass of galactic space is measured. The GRACE readings are affected by the layer-by-layer vertical distribution of the weight of atmospheric air, ocean waters, and mantle matter. Obviously, changes in the weight of mantle matter have a greater impact on GRACE readings than the amount of water on the Earth's surface.
Borys Kapochkin, I had meant how GRACE gravity data is able to monitor changes in terrestrial water storage.
Due to the high temporal resolution of the GRACE, the time dependent effects of the gravity field of the earth can be measured, right, if i am not wrong? And these effects are mostly attributed to the changes in the occurrence of the water at the biosphere, to estimate terrestrial water storage, right?
Talking about how GRACE measures the amount of water on the Earth's surface:
GRACE Service providers do provide the spherical harmonic coefficients, as the monthly solution which in return can be used for estimating the changes in the terrestrial water storage, but how? (look point 2 )
The geoidal height or the geoid undulation can be expressed as the function of the spherical harmonics and this time dependent changes in the geoid undulation gives you the changes in the spherical harmonic coefficients well. This change in the spherical harmonic coefficients are then attributed to density redistribution, which further is used to estimate the changes in the terrestrial water storage.
Nevertheless, the fact that you say-changes in the weight of mantle matter have a greater impact on GRACE readings than the amount of water on the Earth's surface, it is technically correct. But, yes of course, the change in the spherical harmonic coefficient can be related as the sum of the surface mass distribution (which can be related to the water on the Earth's surface) and mass distribution due to solid earth (deformation due to the loading of the earth due to, of course, changes in the weight of mantle-the point you said).
Hope I have answered your query, if not please let me know, we can have further more discussion, this is for what I have kept here this question.