What possible approaches are available to making the developing world understand the importance of establishing a synergy between government policies, research findings and results and industry businesses and products? California being the richest city in the world is the result of this understanding and relationship that exist between these three bodies. What is in this for the developing countries of Africa? Do we really understand how the system operates? I need insights!
Good question and a really important issue. And a difficult one.
The concept of the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relationships initiated in the 1990s by Etzkowitz (1993) and Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (1995) must be engaged, to interpret the shift from a dominating industry-government dyad in the Industrial Society to a growing triadic relationship between university-industry-government in the Knowledge Society.
There is some scientific evidence on the efficiency of the collaboration of this kind, e.g.
The case of Indonesia:
Article University, Industry, and Government Partnership: Its Presen...
The case of the US:
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-1587-6_6
And many more. I am really anxious to see how it works in case of African developing countries.
The problem is completely evenly distributed among the three entities except that academics will have some facts to slightly exonerate themselves.
Government: Governance in Africa is still not what it should be. Africans are led by people who don't have regards to the followers and feel very free to embezzle public fund. Simple free and fair election is still a big issue to us. Such government will definitely have no concerns for development and its factors like bridging the gap between academia and industries.
Industries: Industries in Africa are embodied with issues related with corruption. Most industries in Africa were established on the understanding of evading tax. They prefer to bribe some government officials instead of paying taxes in the legal way. So, government can not control them in this condition and since they know it well that any cooperation with the academia will be at a cost to them, they will always avoid it. After all no body strictly monitor their activities and the quality of their products.
Academia: African leaders don't care much about education and research. So, the universities and research centres are either seriously underfunded or not funded at all. We have unproductive governments that can't pay worker's salaries, when will they start thinking of research? So, without fund from government or industries through the government, academics are unavoidably left unproductive.
My opinion.
Malheureusement que seulement quelques pays africains ont compris cette vérité. Cette idée est en gestation, je pense que les résultats seront dans le moyen termes notamment en Afrique du Sud et au Maroc.
Le modèle de la triple Hélice reste fort important pour expérimenter cette relation.
Le développement d'un niveau de conscience chez les décideurs reste une condition fondamentale pour la réussite de tel projet.
Good question and a really important issue. And a difficult one.
The concept of the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relationships initiated in the 1990s by Etzkowitz (1993) and Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (1995) must be engaged, to interpret the shift from a dominating industry-government dyad in the Industrial Society to a growing triadic relationship between university-industry-government in the Knowledge Society.
There is some scientific evidence on the efficiency of the collaboration of this kind, e.g.
The case of Indonesia:
Article University, Industry, and Government Partnership: Its Presen...
The case of the US:
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-1587-6_6
And many more. I am really anxious to see how it works in case of African developing countries.
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