​Protecting raster, vector, and attribute data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) involves implementing robust security measures such as encryption, digital watermarking, and access control. Here are some notable studies addressing these methods:​

1. Encryption and Digital Watermarking:

• Protecting GIS Data Using Cryptography and Digital Watermarking: This study introduces a mechanism combining the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) cryptography algorithms with watermarking techniques to protect both raster and vector GIS data. ​giscenter.isu.edu
• Commutative Encryption and Reversible Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps: This research proposes a method that allows flexible combinations of encryption and watermarking, enhancing data protection throughout its lifecycle. ​mdpi.com

2. Access Control Mechanisms:

• Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE): ABE is a cryptographic approach enabling fine-grained access control of encrypted data using authorization policies. It ensures that only users with matching attributes can decrypt the data, enhancing security in data sharing scenarios. ​en.wikipedia.org

3. Combined Approaches:

• Security Protection of Video-GIS Data Based on Data Encryption and Digital Watermarking: This study integrates data encryption and digital watermarking to protect video-GIS data, demonstrating strong imperceptibility and robustness of the watermarking algorithm alongside high security of the encryption method. ​researchgate.net