There are unlimited resources about that. I would suggest taking a look at some ESRI publications in this topic, I've attached one here.

Regards

Dear Mahindra, kindly first you try to understand what is this GIS is all about and also its potential and limitations. After that I am sure you will understand the application of GIS in any given field of specialization. It is not fair to jump to application part before understanding the basics of the software tool or for that matter any problem solving tool.

Dear Mahindra ,

You are interested in climate change, you have to handle climatic time series data. There are a lot of application of GIS in climate study. At first, you need to set your study goals. There are few examples of application of GIS in climate study:

---Geo-statistical analysis too for spatial distributions of climatic variables like rainfall, temperature & climate Indices

--- Spatial distribution of temporal climate scenario. You may look at the maps prepared by GIS in the following articles:

Article Spatio-temporal analysis of climatic variables in the wester...

Article Evaluation of spatio-temporal dynamics of water table in NW ...

--- Climatic Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Mapping

You may look at the maps prepared by GIS in the following articles:

Article Drought Analysis and Its Implication in Sustainable Water Re...

Article Modeling of agricultural drought risk pattern using Markov c...

Climate water balance study . You may look at the maps prepared by GIS in the following articles: Article Modeling the Changes in Water Balance Components of Highly I...

Kindly see here...

https://www.environmentalscience.org/environmental-engineering-gis

See this too..

http://courses.washington.edu/cee424/speakers/kirk.pdf

Also to be seen...

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-963-environmental-engineering-applications-of-geographic-information-systems-fall-2004/lecture-notes/lec1.pdf

Explore this too..

http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/gis-sols-for-env-mgmt.pdf

Also see here...

https://pdhonline.com/courses/c423/Lecture%205%20-%20GIS%20application%20in%20Water%20Resources%20and%20Environmental%20Engineering.pdf

Check here please..

https://www.esri.com/library/bestpractices/climate-change.pdf

Explore this too...

http://www.esri.com/industries/climate-weather-atmosphere

See this too..

https://gisclimatechange.ucar.edu/

Also to be seen...

https://www.environmentalscience.org/climate-science-gis

Check this also...

http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2009/10/gis-best-practices-for-climate.pdf