Thank you for sharing your article. Given that the placenta and appetite hormone GDF15 is the greatest genetic risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and the hCG/estrogen genes did not even show up in the GWAS, I think it would be interesting to test whether GDF15 is upregulated in molar pregnancies with HG, and to focus less on hCG/estrogen. You referenced a paper showing higher levels of hCG but failed to discuss the Dypvik paper of 4372 pregnancies that showed no association with hCG. We also found the progesterone receptor gene PGR, and the gene IGFBP7, to be associated with HG. And we found the GDF15 receptor GFRAL to also be associated with HG. I need help in educating and spreading the word about the new findings which should lead to more promising understanding of the biological basis of HG. hCG has never panned out and now we have some strong data to support these other avenues for research.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03258-0

https://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(18)31951-3/fulltext

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/03/researchers-converge-possible-cause-severe-morning-sickness

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6138473/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6171563/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29227846